Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The Dark Triad and Trait Emotional Intelligence as Predictors of Problematic Social Media use and Engagement: The Mediating Role of the Fear of Missing Out. Myriad studies have investigated the problematic social media use typically accompanied by a reduction in a size of the individuals' social circle, as well as an increase in loneliness, depression, and fear of missing out (FoMO) (10, 1618). Self-presentation is defined as the goal-directed activity of controlling information to influence the impressions formed by an audience about the self (29). Consistence with previous studies, using social media for social interaction might render individuals to increase willingness to express their personal and intimate information, such as updating self-descriptive profiles, sharing content within the circle of friends, and giving thumbs-ups (31, 32). Desire thinking as a predictor of craving and binge drinking: a longitudinal study. The inconsistency of relationship between social media use and self-presentation seems to due to the different purposes of social media usage. 2018;18(1):121. Creating awareness for such associations not only feeds theories for a better understanding of cognitive and affective mechanisms, but can also transfer into clinical practice where practitioners get sensitized for such fine-grained stringing together of mental processes. 2019;98:106018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.06.007. Bayer JB, Dal Cin S, Campbell SW, Panek E. Consciousness and self-regulation in mobile communication. Suddendorf T, Busby J. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. Disclaimer. Online ahead of print. In addition, Wegmann et al. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. It was like a drug and has the capability to do harm just like a drug. Rohani Salleh Al-Baraa ABDULRAHMAN Al-Mekhlafi View Show abstract . The Moderating Effects of Social Media Activities on the Relationship Between Effort-Reward Imbalance and Health and Wellbeing: A Case Study of the Oil and Gas Industry in Malaysia. When QQ and Weibo were set privacy protection, the desire for expression and basic information posted on social media were reduced. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1092852918001487. Caselli G, Spada MM. Heliyon. Uses and gratifications of problematic social media use among university students: A simultaneous examination of the Big Five of personality traits, social media platforms, and social media use motives, Self-presentation and belonging on Facebook: how personality influences social media use and motivations. 2021;43(2):2039. Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The .gov means its official. Fear of missing out (FOMO): overview, theoretical underpinnings, and literature review on relations with severity of negative affectivity and problematic technology use. Eur Addict Res. Wang P, Xie X, Wang X, Wang X, Zhao F, Chu X, et al.. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Can sci-fi films teach us anything about an AI threat? I feel social media isn't a need for me: it's just a way of passing time, even though I could be doing much more productive activities. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2017.04.001. Second, since the current and the desired state are weighed against each other, the conclusion might be drawn that there is a gap between reality and imagination. The participants were divided into two groups using the mean information viewed by others score for statistical analysis: a high score group (21, n = 1,454) and a low score group (<21, n = 1,290). Age had a significant effect on craving (=0.116, SD=0.037, p=0.002) and FoMO (=0.118, SD=0.060, p=0.049). That is, examining the relationships between desire thinking, FoMO, and craving in predicting problematic SNS use could help to understand in what way desire thinking might constitute a risk factor for problematic SNS (e.g., [28, 30, 46]). The effeictive contribution of the social media addiction provides and active contribution of 9.2% to the fear of missing out variable while the rest is influenced by other factors. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Thus, FoMO, who are desire to stay continually connected with what others are doing, enhances individuals' state of self-presentation on social media and facilitates SMA. FoMO demonstrates moderate-to-large relations with levels of excessive social media use (19, 20). Sage Publications, Inc.; 1995. p. 7699. Social media can help bring people closer together and share information. Students with SMA are overly concerned about social media driven by a strong motivation to log on to or use social media and devote much time and effort to social media (24). Psychiatr Q. Our results not only feed theories considering the etiology and maintenance of addictive behaviors but can be applied in clinical settings to raise awareness among practitioners about the intricate linking of mental processes. Particularly adolescents have appropriated the cultural norm of "always being online," especially since the exponential growth of social media (Kuss & Griffiths, 2017).They often rely on social media for communication with family and peers, information gathering, andto a certain extent . 3. Social media use is prevalent in today's society and has contributed to problems with social media addiction. The models' goodness of fit was check using omnibus tests of model coefficients for overall fitness of the model and Hosmer and Lemeshow test for fitness of the data to the model. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or non-profit sectors. 2020;108:106422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106422. Brand M, Rumpf HJ, Demetrovics Z, Mller A, Stark R, King DK, Goudriaan AE, Mann K, Trotzke P, Fineberg NA, Chamberlain SR, Kraus SW, Wegmann E, Billieux J, Potenza MN. Caesarean by phone light - giving birth in a warzone. Section snippets Participants We recruited 207 participants (50 men, 155 women, and two who indicated that their gender was "other"). 2021;120:106957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106957. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-019-09628-1. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12472. Blackwell D, Leaman C, Tramposch R, Osborne C, Liss M. Extraversion, neuroticism, attachment style and fear of missing out as predictors of social media use and addiction, Development and validation of the Chinese social media addiction scale. J Exp Psychol Gen. 2015;144(2):4808. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Italian version of the fear of missing out scale in emerging adults and adolescents. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The effective sample comprised 748 German-speaking study participants from the general population (age M = 38.63, SD = 12.10; 336 men, 412 women) who took part in an online survey study. The present study aimed to investigate the association of self-presentation on social media, FoMO, and SMA in two respects: (a) assess the effect of social media use, FoMO, privacy information protection, on self-presentation on social media; (b) exam the effect of FoMO, privacy information protection, and self-presentation on social media on SMA and pay attention to other influencing factors. Spada MM, Caselli G, Wells A. volume11, Articlenumber:176 (2023) Thus, not desire thinking or FoMO alone, but their interplay with craving might eventually explain an uncontrolled and problematic use of SNS (see Fig. Therefore, we report a different version of the model, considering the sub-facets imaginal prefiguration and verbal perseveration as separate predictor variables and according to the metacognitive model of desire thinking [19] where imaginal prefiguration predicts verbal perseveration, and verbal perseveration predicts craving. Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) is the tendency to experience anxiety over missing out on rewarding experiences of others. The first part contained an online experimental manipulation of desire thinking and its effect on state variables (i.e., participants in the experimental condition were promptedby written instructionsto imagine a typical situation where they use SNS whereas a control group imagined a walk through a forest; both groups were tasked to type in their imagined scenario into open text fields; results not being published due to error-prone online manipulation). 2021;122:106839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106839. As depicted in Table 4, FoMO (OR = 4.165), expression willingness (OR = 1.645), information viewed by others (OR = 1.406) positively affected the level of SMA scores. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. https://doi.org/10.1177/1839334921998866. Memory. SMA is defined as paying excessive attention to social media activities often to the neglect of all other activities, and uncontrollable use to the extent that it interferes with other important areas of life including psychological health, interpersonal relationships, emotional consequences, academic performance, and occupation to the detriment of the individual (912). Individual self-presentation on social media. RT @allentien: Fear of missing out, #FoMO, at heart of many features of social media design https://weforum.org/agenda/2018/06/digital-addiction-how-technology-keeps . 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465810000317. Addict Behav. Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. According to significant correlations with age (p<0.05) and significant t-tests between gender groups (p<0.05), we controlled desire thinking for the influence of gender; FoMO for the influence of age; and craving and symptom severity for the influences of both. As such, clinicians should consider disentangling the subjective craving experiences of individuals with problematic SNS use by specifically asking for mental images around SNS use, a linguistic preoccupation with SNS-related thoughts, and (possibly resulting) fear-based cognitions to implement strategies that mitigate moments of impaired control. A growing body of research has examined the potential effects of the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) on Social Networking Site (SNS) use and Problematic SNS use (PSNSU). The Cronbachs alpha=0.843 of the overall sum score indicates a good internal consistency in this sample. A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research. The second day in and I was at school chatting with my friends and there was a video on Facebook that they all watched the evening before and were speaking and laughing about it. High scores indicate a high level of expression willingness on social media. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. However, basic information shown on social media did not significantly influence SMA. Furthermore, FoMO (OR = 5.278), information viewed by others (OR = 9.673), and privacy setting [QQ (OR = 0.817), and Tik Tok (OR = 0.546)] affected level of basic information posted on social media (Table 3). Comparatively, FoMO contributes a rather small incremental value in explaining symptoms of problematic SNS use. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.12.008. statement and It all weighed down on me. No identifying images or other personal or clinical details of participants are presented that compromise anonymity. Zivnuska S, Carlson JR, Carlson DS, Harris RB, Harris KJ. 2018;13(4):e0195742. High scores indicate high level of information online viewed by others. Regarding the question can your social friends get your following information online?, nearly two or three students reported their social friends could know their following information from their social media platforms: gender, age, occupation, location, and education level (Figure 1A). Cornil A, Long J, Rothen S, Perales JC, de Timary P, Billieux J. Monday was an interesting day as literally all I did the whole time at school was play catch-up, hearing all that I missed out on since Friday. According to this finding, FoMO on developments on social networks trigger heavy and risky smartphone use, thereby increasing. These results highlight individual behaviors on social media should be considered as essential elements for assessing problematic engaging to social media. Desire thinking mediates the relationship between emotional intolerance and problem drinking. 2010;38(5):62937. J Behav Addict. Addict Behav. Read about our approach to external linking. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.032. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2524. Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) is the tendency to experience anxiety over missing out on rewarding experiences of others. 2012;3(2):12745. Pawlikowska A, Szuster E, Kostrzewska P, Mandera A, Biernikiewicz M, Sobieszczaska M, Roek-Piechura K, Markiewicz M, Rusiecka A, Kaka D. Int J Environ Res Public Health. J Adolesc. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The latter describes the extent to which online-related expectations, fears, and reward mechanisms are specific to SNS use and is defined as online FoMO. Addict Behav. J Consum Aff. Department of General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Forsthausweg 2, LE220, 47057, Duisburg, Germany, You can also search for this author in following standardized international guidelines, was implemented to measure FoMO among university students in China (35, 36). Neuroticism, trait fear of missing out, and phubbing: the mediating role of state fear of missing out and problematic instagram use. Online survey was conducted with 2,744 respondents, who completed online survey including social media use, FoMO and SMA. In keeping with previous studies (33, 45), our study supported the relationship between FoMO and SMA. Sample characteristics were shown in Table 1. Careers. I watched television, listened to music, did the same amount of homework - at more or less the same level of quality. Key points A new study investigated the association between FOMO (fear of missing out) and social media use. 2013;20(6):494500. Addict Behav. Hu LT, Bentler PM. Struct Equ Model Multi J. Accessibility Furthermore, self-presentation on social media showed a positive association with SMA in this study. Kircaburun K, Alhabash S, Tosunta SB, Griffiths MD. This report was produced as part ofBBC News School Report. Hofmann W, Van Dillen L. Desire: the new hot spot in self-control research. Comput Hum Behav. Baron RM, Kenny DA. Further, FoMO could be considered an influential factor in the emergence of craving for SNS use. 2011;36(11):10617. Effects of food art therapy on the self-esteem, self-expression, and social skills of persons with mental illness in community rehabilitation facilities. Ji JL, Kavanagh DJ, Holmes EA, MacLeod C, Di Simplicio M. Mental imagery in psychiatry: Conceptual & clinical implications. Among male university, parents who interact most frequently on social media negatively affect basic information shown on social media (Supplementary Table S3). The criteria for involvement in the research were being voluntary to participate in the study and cooperate with the study. Desire thinking across the continuum of drinking behaviour. 2012;21(5):31722. A higher mean score indicates a higher frequency of experiencing the symptoms. The desire thinking questionnaire: development and psychometric properties. The detailed binary regression steps were as followed: (1) In model one, FoMO, and privacy information protection was entered to detect influencing factors on expression willingness or basic information shown on social media. 2017;70:6571. Data were collected only from those who voluntarily agreed and provided written consent to participate in the study. The work of AB and EW on this article was carried out in the context of the Research Unit ACSID, FOR2974, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)411232260. However, in the context of desires and cravings for possibly unwanted behaviors, desire thinking might be ascribed a more problematic role and function [32, 33]. The participants were divided into two groups using the mean basic information shown on social media score for statistical analysis: a high score group (45, n = 2,480) and a low score group (<45, n = 264). Participants in the study (N = 207) volunteered to complete a brief survey measuring levels of extraversion . 2020 Mar;102:106179. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106179. I feel that with all I have learnt I will definitely cut down and restrict myself from using social media in the future. This context leads to the proposal of the following hypothesis. In Part II, 189 participants were asked to deactivate social media applications on their smartphones for two [45] suggest distinguishing a general trait FoMO variable from a variable that focuses more on the SNS-related context. https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2017.1367385. Second, some of the studied variables (e.g., FoMOs and SMA) were reported using self-administered questionnaires. That is, being on SNS might be used to satisfy the need for social relatedness, especially when individuals experience increased social isolation as is sometimes the case in depressive and anxious individuals [41, 42]. The study was a mere online study with two parts. Alimoradi Z, Lin CY, Imani V, Griffiths MD. I doubt I will cut down on my usage of social media because I don't see the need to, unless it had a negative impact on my life. 2000;55(1):68. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.68. Two different scales were used in this study: Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and Psychological Well-being. Franchina V, Vanden Abeele M, van Rooij AJ, Lo Coco G, De Marez L. Int J Environ Res Public Health. The Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-use Disorders (ACSID-11; [50]) was used to assess problematic SNS use. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. 2001;96(1):3346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.08.046. Causes of FOMO The Psychology of FOMO Social Media and The Fear of Missing Out How to Resist the Fear of Missing Out Show more The average person spends 147 minutes a day on. 8600 Rockville Pike Validity of a Norwegian version of the desire thinking questionnaire (DTQ): associations with problem drinking, nicotine dependence and problematic social media use. 2022 Jul 4;19(13):8193. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19138193. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Part I of this study measured the participants' levels of smartphone addiction, fear of missing out, and social media addiction at the initiation of the study. https://doi.org/10.1159/000333601. To this day I cannot recall what I was thinking of that kept me through the weekend, because with every hour that passed the voice telling me to open up Facebook or peek at one notification on BBM got louder. Social gratifications (e.g., maintaining relationships, interacting with others, and receiving social support) and sociopsychological needs (e.g., need to belong and need for relatedness) are major types of motivations predicting addictive social media use (14, 15). eCollection 2022. To test the interaction of these cognitions and their influence on problematic . Fear of missing out (FOMO): overview, theoretical underpinnings, and literature review on relations with severity of negative affectivity and problematic technology use. Desire thinking as a mediator of the relationship between novelty seeking and craving. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. 2023 BBC. But the endless stream of updates, invites and opportunities to gain the explicit approval and feedback of friends and family, can create a pressure of its own. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-019-00260-4. Privacy control is found to have a negative impact on personal information posted on social media (41). Psychol Rev. Facebook proved a constant temptation for the Year 10 pupils, The students interviewed psychologist Linda Papadopoulos as part of their report, Reporter Reeta Chakrabarti worked on the report with the pupils, A rare insight into Hitler's private life. I felt as if I couldn't be as engaged in the conversation as I would otherwise be. The effect of desire thinking on problematic SNS use was not significantly mediated by FoMO solely (see Table 2). SMA is defined as paying excessive attention to social media activities often to the neglect of all other activities, and uncontrollable use to the extent that it interferes with other important areas of life including psychological health, interpersonal relationships, emotional consequences, academic performance, and occupation to the detriment. Results show that FoMO directly and indirectly predicts emotional symptoms. There is a broad variety of craving conceptualizations and theories, including conditioning models, psychobiological models, motivational models, and cognitive models (for review, see [12]). All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. The tool contains 28 items evaluated on a five-point likert scale ranging from one strongly disagree to five strongly agree. Social Networking Sites and Addiction: Ten Lessons Learned. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277884. However, this relationship between desire thinking and symptom severity was not significant when including FoMO and craving in the pathway model, thus highlighting that desire thinking is not dangerous per se [19], but rather becomes behaviorally relevant when it leads to dysfunctional cognitions (i.e., FoMO) and an irresistible desire to use SNS (i.e., craving). FOMO is essentially social anxiety based on the idea that other individuals are having more fun or doing something more interesting while you're "missing out". May J, Andrade J, Panabokke N, Kavanagh DJ. Regarding social applications in China, 85.0% of social network users are active on the Moments in WeChat, with 41.6% using Qzone and 40.4% using sina Weibo (1). I've seen the benefits and disadvantages but ultimately for me to achieve what I dream of and to be successful, I must be willing to make sacrifices. I guess I am a social media addict but most people are, aren't they? Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies May | 718K views, 14K likes, 8.8K loves, 166K comments, 54K shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Streams Of Joy International: 2 DAYS OF "AND THE LORD. That is, next to existing results on the predictive character of FoMO for problematic SNS use itself [39, 40, 43, 56], FoMO might also take part in the explanation of craving for SNS use. 2023 Jun 3;11(1):176. doi: 10.1186/s40359-023-01216-0. Chang H, Meng X, Li Y, Liu J, Yuan W, Ni J, Li C. Front Psychiatry. Social media can exacerbate feelings of FOMO as people are typically posting their best experiences that they deem "post-worthy". National Library of Medicine https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.06.013. FoMO (OR = 5.278, P = 0.000), information viewed by others (OR = 9.673, P = 0.000), privacy setting in QQ (OR = 0.817, P = 0.002) and in Tik Tok (OR = 0.536, P = 0.019) and female (OR = 0.588, P = 0.004) significantly influenced basic information shown on social media. Mller SM, Wegmann E, Oelker A, Stark R, Mller A, Montag C, Wlfling K, Rumpf H-J, Brand M. Assessment of criteria for specific internet-use disorders (acsid-11): introduction of a new screening instrument capturing ICD-11 criteria for gaming disorder and other potential internet-use disorders. Most participants were undergraduate students and above (58.2%). Furthermore, controlling for age and gender, mediation analyses showed that out of all platforms, only Snapchat Use Disorder did not mediate the association between FoMO and social media's negative impact on daily-life and productivity at work. The six-item Italian version of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) [, . This, however, does not support our hypothesis that it is the imagination of a future event that might leave a gap between simulation and reality as stated in the EIT [15], but that FoMO might be especially generated from perseverative, verbal desire thoughts. 2015;44:719. Allen A, Kannis-Dymand L, Katsikitis M. Problematic internet pornography use: the role of craving, desire thinking, and metacognition. A total of N=246 participants were recruited to complete an online survey. Finally, a cross-sectional design was used, which cannot provide evidence of the causal relationships among studied variables. Monacis L, Griffiths MD, Limone P, Sinatra M. The risk of social media addiction between the ideal/false and true self: Testing a path model through the tripartite person-centered perspective of authenticity, Carryover effects of feeling socially transparent or impenetrable on strategic self-presentation, Self-presentation 2.0: narcissism and self-esteem on Facebook, It's just a lot of work: adolescents' self-presentation norms and practices on Facebook and Instagram, Examining associations between university students' mobile social media use, online self-presentation, social support and sense of belonging. However, basic information posted on social media did not influence SMA scores. The first day was easy but that evening, just when I was going to make a vlog about how I felt, I received a message from a friend who needed help with his homework. In all honesty if I was asked if I thought I was an addict before the challenge I would have said yes, which shows that I know where I'm going wrong but I'm consciously choosing to ignore my downfall. 2022 Jun 18;10(1):154. doi: 10.1186/s40359-022-00856-y. FoMO is conceptualized as a pervasive apprehension that others might be having rewarding experiences from which one is absent and a desire to stay continually connected with what others are doing ([37], p. 1841). The development of social media addiction has become a phenomenon creating a potential public health crisis. Social media use is ascertained with the following items: (1) Social media platforms; (2) Purposes of using social media; (3) Category of information online you prefer; (4) Purposes of updating social feed; (5) Number of social media accounts; (6) People who interact most frequently on social media; (7) The motivations for interacting with others most frequently; (8) Accept a stranger's friend request; (9) Time spent on social media (h); (10) Browsing social media before going to bed; (11) Do you spend more time on social networking than real world? The second part involved the questionnaires to be analyzed in this study. A number of studies related SMA are guided by motivation-related theories, such as the uses and gratifications theory and the self-determination theory (13). The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. social media as a platform to connect with others in order to develop social competence, and an opportunity to deepen social ties (Przybylski et al., 2013). HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help PMC I learnt that I wasn't so dependent on my phone or social media as I initially thought I was. The aim of the current meta-analysis is to summarize findings on the relationship between FoMO levels and (i) SNS use and (ii) PSNSU. Against this circumstance, a critical issue has been seriously raised concerning the potential implications of social media use on Chinese university students' mental health and wellbeing (6). 2020;106:106364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106364. Hu LT, Bentler PM. Prior to the collection of data, the purposes and procedures of this study were explained to the respondents. The model explained half of the variance (51%) of problematic SNS use (R2=0.507, p<0.001). I definitely had more time on my hands, but I still don't feel I was more productive without social media to waste time on. Social media has emerged as an integral part of individuals' daily lives in the cyber age. Accessibility Participants were informed that they would withdraw from the study at any time. Sunday wasn't as hard but it was still a boring day. It helped me develop my self-control which I can now put to good use when the time is right. Moreover, the effect of desire thinking on problematic SNS use was also significantly mediated by FoMO and craving. Measuring problematic internet use, internet gaming disorder and social media addiction in young adults: a cross-sectional study, WeChat use intensity and social support: The moderating effect of motivators for WeChat use, Comorbidity of social media addiction and other mental disordersan overview, Identifying commonalities and differences in personality characteristics of Internet and social media addiction profiles: traits, self-esteem, and self-construal. Through the looking glass of social media Focus on self-presentation and association with mental health and quality of life A cross-sectional survey-based study International, The uses and abuses of Facebook: a review of Facebook addiction. Kavanagh DJ, Andrade J, May J. Imaginary relish and exquisite torture: the elaborated intrusion theory of desire. In particular, the study investigated the possible mediating role of perceived stress associated with experiences of neglect and negative reactions by other social media users, and social media addiction. Your privacy choices/Manage cookies we use in the preference centre. Clin Psychol Psychother. Using convenience sampling 3,015 participants from four universities and four vocational and technical in Wuhan comprising junior college students, undergraduate students, and graduate students. PubMedGoogle Scholar. This opens discussions for further limitations of this study, such as the cross-sectional design and the use of self-report questionnaires that are prone to response biases. Before Descriptive statistics and correlational analyses were conducted with SPSS v27, path analyses were conducted using MPlus8 v1.7, on a MacBook Pro running Monterey v12.4. The same holds for FoMO which is no longer a dominant predictor of problematic SNS use when entered in the path analysis, leaving craving as the only significant direct predictor. Fear of Missing Out as a Predictor of Problematic Social Media Use and Phubbing Behavior among Flemish Adolescents. The major motivation of social media use is self-presentation for managing a personal homepage (27, 28). 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.623099. 2018;26(4):30614. Copyright 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. After the experimental paradigm, they proceeded to the questionnaires that were presented in the order of the theoretically assumed seriality. That is, the sense of deficit might be constituted of a lack of knowledge and the urge of wanting to know what is going on online. In this view, the results of this study indicated that SMA is related to the number of social media accounts and time spent on social media, which are in line with previous literatures (50, 51). The fear of not receiving comments/Likes (i.e., online neglect), or the fear of receiving negative reactions might trigger compulsive use of social media in order to fulfill their unsatisfied need to connect with others and maintain a positive online social status, e.g., by improving social media metrics ( Marengo, Poletti, & Settanni, 2020 ). 8600 Rockville Pike Moreover, nearly two or three students reported that they had privacy settings on WeChat and Qzone (Figure 1B). Specifically, FoMO is defined as (1) the apprehension that one is missing out on some rewarding experience and (2) the desire to stay connected, serving as a concurrent strategy to cope this fear [39]. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Annoyingly the downside was that I was super-jealous of my younger sister who I could hear laughing out loud at videos and messages from her friends; this was a temptation as it made me think about all the laughs I could have, all the pictures I could upload and updates to check. 2022 Jun 18;10(1):154. doi: 10.1186/s40359-022-00856-y. Sharifi Bastan F, Spada MM, Khosravani V, Samimi Ardestani SM. Elhai JD, Yang H, Montag C. Fear of missing out (FoMO): overview, theoretical underpinnings, and literature review on relations with severity of negative affectivity and problematic technology use. The fear in desire: linking desire thinking and fear of missing out in the social media context. Factors associated with basic information shown on social media among university students. We can access them anywhere and anytime. FOIA In addition, information posted on social media, which could be viewed by others, also acted as predictor of SMA. We controlled all variables for the influence of the experimental randomization preceding the questionnaires. Curr Addict Rep. 2019;6(4):4107. Andrade J, May J, Kavanagh DJ. In this study, we studied the relationship between FoMO and emotional symptoms in a sample of 472 Italian adolescents aged 11-19. FOIA Addict Behav Rep. 2015;1:26. Therefore, it seems worthwhile in the future to record the relevance of these fears and deficits. Goodness-of-fit of the path model was considered satisfactory with a standard root mean square residual (SRMR) below 0.08, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) below 0.08, comparative fit indices (CFI/TLI) above 0.90, and if the degrees of freedom ratio (2/df) was below 3 [51, 52]. PubMed An official website of the United States government. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-021-00400-9. Participants were excluded if they fulfilled one or more of six criteria, which were the indication in the binary quality-check query that we should not use their data, that the mother language not was German, the indication that they used SNS during the survey, LongString analyses (i.e., having scored the same in all items of more than half of the questionnaires), time needed for the survey (i.e., if it took them three times longer than the average to complete the survey), or a significant Mahalanobis distance of relevant study variables. According to the Elaborated Intrusion Theory of Desire, desire thinking and an associated deficit are fundamental factors to the emergence of craving. FoMO has also consistently been a predictor of Internet, smartphone, and social networks use disorders. School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China, Edited by: Kwok Kit Tong, University of Macau, China, Reviewed by: Julio Cabero Almenara, Sevilla University, Spain; Lucia Monacis, University of Foggia, Italy; Ruben David Baler, National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States, This article was submitted to Public Mental Health, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychiatry. I had a cousin come round but that didn't help matters at all, since all he did was bang on about people and what they're doing online. Front Psychiatry. Emotion regulation and desire thinking as predictors of problematic facebook use. Springer Nature. A belongingness theory perspective. However, no purpose for updating social feed maybe reduce individual's expression willingness. The score of SMA was normal distribution. However, the relationship of FoMO and SMA is still further explored. 2014;109(5):72835. Three subscales with three items each measure the intrusiveness of thoughts (e.g., How often is it difficult for you not to think about social networks?), the intrusiveness of imagery (e.g., How often do you imagine the sound of using social networks?), and the intensity of the accompanying urge (e.g., How often do you experience a strong urge to use social networks?) on a 11-point Likert scale from 0=not at all to 10=extremely often. Model 2: adjusted social media use; Model 3: additionally, adjusted demographic information. The sample of this study consisted of 232 participants (69.8% female) between the ages of 18-59. But I was wrong. The mean score of SMA was 77.76 (SD = 19.65). It involves a deep sense of envy and affects self-esteem . Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies 2015;13(2):18593. This might be done by recording subjective experiences in daily life through ecological momentary assessments, and through actual experimental conditions (e.g., social exclusion to simultaneously examine whether and how strong the craving for SNS actually is). Note. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721003652. Defined as a pervasive apprehension that others might be having rewarding experiences from which one is absent, FoMO is characterized by the desire to stay continually connected with what others are doing. Drummond DC. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195742. Direct effects are shown in Fig. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Addict Behav Rep. 2017;5:3342. Adaptation and validation of the Online-Fear of Missing Out Inventory into Turkish and the association with social media addiction, smartphone addiction, and life satisfaction. Akbari M, Seydavi M, Palmieri S, Mansueto G, Caselli G, Spada MM. Tiffany ST. Cognitive concepts of craving. First, it is assumed that desire thinking elicits a feeling of pleasure and relief in itself, also referred to as urge [34], since the imagery component is strongly associated with the experience of emotions [35]which is a transdiagnostic feature of imagery in desire and psychopathologies in general[36]. The effect of mindfulness on social media addiction among Chinese college students: A serial mediation model. Descriptive analysis of participants' demographic characteristics and social media use were described using number (n), percentage (%), and mean standard deviation (SD). The results revealed a positive significant correlation between SMA and FoMO (r = 0.544, P = 0.00), between SMA and expression willingness (r = 0.397, P = 0.000). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. Given social media as an inseparable part of university students' daily life, concerns have been raised about its excessive usage globally (2123). The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Accessibility 2023 Apr;20(2):129-140. doi: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230205. While there is a debate on whether we are over-pathologizing everyday behaviors [6], a line of research claims that if the use of SNS takes precedence over other life activities, becomes hard to control, and is continued despite the occurrence of negative consequences, it might resemble addictive behavior patterns. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. Social media addiction (SMA) is known to be associated with excess use of social media. MeSH https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2017.1368686. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. Comput Hum Behav. The scale was developed by (34), original used with college students in China. Examination in terms of different variables of prevalence of fear of missing out among college students. The participants were divided into two groups using the mean SMA score for statistical analysis: a high score group (84, n = 1,376) and a low score group (<84, n = 1,368). When considering several study parts separately, future study designs need to consider recreational time-outs to neutralize possible carry-over effects. 19-32 years. Check out our series of podcasts on topics from high school football to Halloween in Salem. However, few studies have investigated the possible mediating factors between FoMO and emotional symptoms. In general, students with higher level of FoMO and expression willingness are more likely to experience SMA. Caselli G, Manfredi C, Ferraris A, Vinciullo F, Spada MM. Hereby I certify that all authors have seen and approved the final version of the manuscript being submitted. Article Google Scholar. 2.3 Social Media Engagement https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.11.024. Participants filled out questionnaires online via Questionnaire Star. More specifically, evidence accumulates that desire thinking might also be associated with problematic SNS use [28-31]. Annika Brandtner. Background: The fear of missing out (FoMO) on social media refers to the apprehension that online content and interactions from others are unseen and reacted to in a timely fashion. Based on attachment theory, this study explored whether online social support and the fear of missing out mediated the relationship between insecure attachment and social networking site addiction among 463 college . After day one I wouldn't go as far as to say that I was missing it already, but I certainly wanted to check my news feeds. (A) Expression willingness; (B) Basic information posted on social media. Although previous researches have focused on the important role of purposes of social media use on self-presentation, less attention is paid to the association between negative consequences of inappropriate social media use and self-presentation. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Among female university students, using social media for shopping negatively influenced SMA (Supplementary Table S4). In the special case of problematic social networking sites (SNS) use, this experienced deficit could be constituted of an online-specific fear of missing out (FoMO). Of the 2,744, 69.2% were female, 69.4% were single child and 56.3% lived in rural. Thus, desire thinking refers to an imaginal prefiguration and verbal preoccupation that is voluntary and effortful [19, 22, 23]. The fact that drawing attention is occurrence of mental disorders and Social Media Addiction (SMA) (48). The results suggest that the interaction of desire thinking, FoMO, and craving might be worth considering when aiming to explain problematic SNS use. Signs that social media is impacting your mental health Modifying social media use to improve mental health step 1: Reduce time online Step 2: Change your focus Step 3: Spend more time with offline friends Step 4: Express gratitude Helping a child or teen with unhealthy social media use Correspondence to 2021;30(1):7489. (2) Basic information shown on social media contains 15 items (real-time position, social relations, consumption information, personal photos, and videos, location, newsletter, education, emotional state, marriage, height, and weight, birthday, hobby, gender, age, and name). The whole indirect effect from imaginal prefiguration, verbal perseveration, FoMO, and craving on problematic SNS use was significant. Are we overpathologizing everyday life? Alcohol Res Health. I guess I am a social. PubMed Central QQ and Weibo were the most popular social media platforms among university students in this study. The over pattern result confirms the effect of self-presentation and FoMO on SMA. Furthermore, a total of 16.3% students reported that they sometimes showed real-time positioning on social media, while 37.9% of them indicated they often posted photos, or videos (Figure 2B). The Cronbach's value of FoMOs in the present study was 0.924. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Neural correlates of cue reactivity in individuals with smartphone addiction. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Canale N, Cornil A, Giroux I, Bouchard S, Billieux J. Online ahead of print. SMA motivated by social interaction and communication check their social media accounts and communicate with social media friends in an automatic and impulsive fashion (48, 49). Int J Ment Heal Addict. 2004;12(4):44761. Extraversion and Neuroticism predicted social media use. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01216-0, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01216-0. 1986;51(6):1173. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0870. Evidence showed that adolescents with a high level of FoMO would choose to disclose themselves on cyberspace, especially social media to enhance social relationships with other contacts (46). (2) In model two, FoMO, privacy information protection, and social media use were entered to detect significant factors on expression willingness or basic information shown on social media. Bakiolu F, Deniz M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. In addition, we aimed to determine whether WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat Use Disorders mediate that relationship. Chinese Internet Network Information Center . 00:00. It has been associated with daily-life disruptions, such as distractions during driving. There is evidence suggesting when communicating anonymously, self-presentation occurs online (42). 2022. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2022.00013. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.09.016. Main lines of reasoning that certain behaviors might be considered as addictive refer to (1) the scientific evidence for the clinical relevance of the behavior, (2) the theoretical embedding of phenomena, and (3) the similarity of underlying cognitive and affective mechanisms to those of substance use disorders [7]. XZ: methodology, formal analysis, data curation, writingoriginal draft preparation, visualization, and funding acquisition. Fear of Missing Out as a Predictor of Problematic Social Media Use and Phubbing Behavior among Flemish Adolescents. 2019;90(2):40511. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00035. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the 2018;84:6875. Article 2020;11(2):1509. Further research is needed to employ longitudinal designs, which might further verify the underlying mechanisms linking self-presentation and SMA. Evidence shows that interactivity, privacy control, and trust influence social media users' self-disclosure behavior (43). MeSH (A) Privacy setting; (B) Information viewed by others. AB wrote a first draft of the manuscript. https://doi.org/10.3758/mc.38.6.809. As part of a BBC News School Report story for the Six O'Clock News, a group of Year 11 students from Haggerston School in Hackney took on the the challenge of trying to turn their backs on Facebook status updates, Twitter posts and snapchat messages for a week. FOMO is a type of social media addiction in which a person persistently experiences the persistent fear of missing out and compulsive use of social networking sites. Boredom proneness interacts with cue-induced craving and avoidance expectancies in explaining symptoms of Internet-communication disorder. We acknowledge the support by the Open Access Publication Fund of the University of Duisburg-Essen. Meanwhile, sharing information acting as self-disclosure goal positively influenced the level of basic information posted on social media, which is line with previous study (44). 2019;104:110. In this study, sharing photos or videos with others, and managing a personal homepage predicted expression willingness on social media, which is consist with previous study (27, 28). According to the Elaborated Intrusion Theory of Desire, desire thinking and an associated deficit are fundamental factors to the emergence of craving. Two out of three indirect pathways were significant indicating a partial mediation of craving in the relation of desire thinking and problematic SNS use. Fear of missing out (FoMO) and internet use: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Fabris MA, Marengo D, Longobardi C, Settanni M. Investigating the links between fear of missing out, social media addiction, and emotional symptoms in adolescence: The role of stress associated with neglect and negative reactions on social media, Strategies for self-controlling social media use: Classification and role in preventing social media addiction symptoms, Teens, gender, and self-presentation in social media, Make new friends or keep the old: Gender and personality differences in social networking use, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.896762/full#supplementary-material, http://www.~cac.gov.cn/2020-09/29/c_1602939918747816.htm, To stay uptodate with news and current events. 2018;15(10):2319. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102319. In general, the study shows that FoMO is a factor in experiencing higher sensitivity to stress associated with neglect by online peers, which in turn my act as a trigger for social media addiction, and ultimately showing a negative impact on emotional well-being of adolescents. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal It has been associated with daily-life disruptions, such as distractions during driving. Data is made available via Open Science Framework (OSF); https://osf.io/xhabz/. Front Psychol. Addiction-specific mechanisms that have therefore come into focus of research on the use of SNS are cue-reactivity and craving (e.g., [8-11]). J Behav Addict. The gambling craving experience questionnaire: psychometric properties of a new scale based on the elaborated intrusion theory of desire. Figure shows direct effects with their respective -weights, standard deviations, levels of significance, and residual variances. 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