Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Winthrop, known as an active political philosopher and later as a political . Encyclopedia.com. By this time, the Church of England (also known as the Anglican Church; the official state religion) began to promote good works as a means of salvation (forgiveness of sins). . After arranging for his wife and children to join him in 1631, he set out with the first Massachusetts Bay settlers on the lead ship Arbella. Then in the 1620s the country became embroiled in religious, economic, and political turmoil. Charles I had dismissed the Parliament in order to prevent Puritans from holding office and he was unsuccessfully trying to manage his empire alone. Other denominations were the Separatists and Congregationalists, who differed from the Presbyterians in regarding a single congregation as a church in its own right. Some of Winthrop's friends urged his return. Amazon.com: John Winthrop: America's Forgotten Founding Father: 9780195179811: Bremer, . He was born in England in 1588, was educated at Cambridge University and became a lawyer. American Eras. Winthrop himself owned a telescope by Short (made ca. RI His wife Margaret had died in 1647, and he quickly married a fourth time. . I was ashamed to open my case to any minister that knew mee; I feared it would shame my self and religion also, that such aneminent professour as I was accounted, should discover such corruptions as I found in my selfe, and had in all this time attained no better evidence of salvation; and I should prove ahypocrite it was too late to begin anew. ." Middleton, Richard. ." The freedmen then formed a representative assembly, elected members from each town, and voted Winthrop out of office. In 1603, at the age of fifteen, John entered college. The best edition of Winthrop's journal, The History of New England, 1630-1649, is that of James Savage (2 vols., 1825-1826; rev. Winthrop was privately tutored, and at the age of fourteen, attended the prestigious Trinity College in Cambridge. . I had anunsatiable thirst after the word of God and could not misse a good sermon, though [even if it was] many miles off, especially of such as did search deep into the conscience. The Puritans began to move west onto land that was controlled by the Pequots, a neighboring Native American tribe. 29 Nov. 2022 . Winthrop was just about the only colonial astronomer who generated any respect back in England. Six months after Mary died in 1615, John wed Thomasine Clopton. I. Several years later he was using a smaller instrument, and in 1668 he was attempting to perfect a telescope with a focal length of eight or ten feet. [3] One of Winthrop's Indian servants was Robin Cassacinamon, who became an influential Pequot leader through Winthrop's patronage. . John Winthrop was the dominant figure in the early years of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. [2], He was again in England in 164143, then returned to establish iron works at Lynn (Saugus Iron Works) and Braintree, Massachusetts. Winthrop was born into the aristocracy (upper or ruling class) in Suffolk, England. People Listed. He received the honorary degrees of L.L.D. Church membership was declining rapidly, and soon there were few people who could claim to be saved. American Eras. In 1629 a group led by Winthrop signed the Cambridge Agreement. Now I began to come under strong exercises of Conscience: (yet by fits only) I could no longerdally with Religion. Circa 1630, English-born colonist John Winthrop , governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony between 1630 and 1649. old engraved illustration of harbour of provincetown, town in massachusetts - john_winthrop stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images. Winthrop provided a rationale for the colony in a sermon, "A Model of Christian Charity," which he delivered on the Arbella. Encyclopedia.com. In 1637 the colony turned to Winthrop and elected him governor again. Digitized Reprint - The Charter of Connecticut, 1662, 2016. He was educated at the Bury St. Edmunds grammar school, King Edward VI School, and Trinity College, Dublin, and he studied law for a short time after 1624 at the Inner Temple, London. On 27 June 1765 he was proposed as a fellow of the Royal Society at the instigation of Franklin; Short was another of his supporters. Governor of the Connecticut Colony. John Winthrop is a Politician, zodiac sign: Capricorn. Unfortunately his incapable overseer brought Winthrop deeply into debt. Again he left without a degree. JOHN CANNON "Winthrop, John He more than anyone else gave the colony its distinctive character, and he was largely responsible for the flourishing state of its 15,000 inhabitants at the time of his death. Nationality: England. The Oxford Companion to British History. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. As head of the Massachusetts Bay Company he took over leadership of the colony from Endecott and became governor. Yet his sense of divine purpose also made him a fanatic who lost sight of human needs and tolerated few opinions that did not conform to his own. John Winthrop, Jr., 2016. and preparation of supplies, and in April 1630 he sailed on the Arbella, one of the four ships that brought 400 Puritan men, women, and children to America. Her fundamental teaching was that "the person of the Holy Ghost dwells in a justified person," in a person called to eternal salvation, and that the presence of the indwelling spirit, not good works, was the evidence that one was of the elect. Detail of the Honorable John Winthrop, Esq from an engraving by Amos Doolittle. John Winthrop was born in 1948 and is currently 74 years old. Although he left within two years without a degree, he was following the custom of most young gentlemen of the time. Fernando Gorges (15661647), head of the Council for New England, belatedly realized Charles I (16001649) had permitted the colonists to settle on land that was still in the possession of the council. [4][5], Winthrop became one of the magistrates of the Connecticut Colony in 1651, was governor of the colony in 165758, and again became governor in 1659, being annually re-elected until his death. "John Winthrop" in The Puritans: American Literature Colonial Period (1608-1700).http://www.falcon.jmu.edu/-ramseyil/amicol.htm Available July 13, 1999. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. In his speech he compared the Puritans' new venture to "a Citty upon a Hill," and he proclaimed that the eyes of the world were upon them. . Merchants and laborers were putting their own individual needs above the community good. Rockefeller was the fourth son and fifth child of American financer John D. Rockefeller Jr. and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller.He is one of the grandchildren of Standard Oil co-founder John D. Rockefeller.As an entrepreneur in Arkansas, he financed many local projects, including a number of new . 414416. Now came I to some peace and comfort in God and in his wayes, my chief delight was therein, I loved a Christian, and the very ground hee went upon. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Legal knowledge was essential to his duties as lord of Groton Manor, which included presiding over court for his https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/john-winthrop, "John Winthrop After James was overthrown in 1688 and the monarchs William III (16501702) and Mary II (16621694) took the throne in a transition called the Glorious Revolution. When John Winthrop was born on 20 January 1546, in Groton, Suffolk, England, his father, Adam Winthrop II, was 47 and his mother, Agnes Sharpe, was 30. As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. Winthrop was born in 1588 in Suffolk, England, the same year the British Royal Navy suffered defeat to the Spanish Armada. One of Winthrop's most important roles in the life of the colony was his spokesmanship for its political position; he sometimes created public policy as well. He was involved in all of the elaborate financial arrangements It became known as the Massachusetts Bay Company. Their religious practices were suppressed and held up to ridicule. Oldest child of Massachusetts Bay Colony's first governor, John Winthrop was born at Groton, England, on Feb. 12, 1606. Colonial America Reference Library. But most threatening to the traditional Puritans were the Quakers (Society of Friends), who challenged not only the Puritan beliefs practiced in the colony but also its society and government. John Winthrop (1714-1779) was a scientist who was born in Massachusetts and was appointed as the head of Mathematics at Harvard University. Throughout. In other words, church members would perform good deeds and clergymen would then forgive their sins. So as there began to bee some change which I perceived in my self, and others took notice of. Most of Winthrops scientific observations were reported in his correspondence, new being printed by the Massachusetts Historical Society as part of The Winthrop Papers (Boston, 1929 )Earlier selections of his letters are cited below. Encyclopedia.com. "John Winthrop . Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. In 1617 he was made a justice of the peace in Suffolk, where he lived at Great Stambridge on dowry lands. [2] His correspondence with the Royal Society was published in series I, vol. . Finally, in 1686, King James II (16331701) united Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Jersey, and New York into the Dominion of New England. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. . Encyclopedia.com. He gave little authority to those men called freemen who sat as a general assembly. Charles accepted a new direction for the Church of England that promoted good works as a means of salvation. The problem was that the traditional Puritans (those who shared the vision of the founding fathers of the colony) would not tolerate any views but their own. Gunn, Giles, ed. . She was christened on 26 Jan 1719 in , Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts. Gorges did not approve of their independent charter and he wanted them to abide by the New England Council's plan of government. John Winthrop (1588-1649) was an early Puritan leader whose vision for a godly commonwealth created the basis for an established religion that remained in place in Massachusetts until well after adoption of the First Amendment. He had four wives, three of them died before him. Connecticut State Library Digital Collections. The Massachusetts Bay Puritans saw their venture as an opportunity to enjoy religious freedom and to establish an "ideal" community that would serve as a model for Puritans in England. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded in 1630 by a group of Puritans (Protestant Christians who advocated strict moral and religious codes). Connecticut State Library Digital Collections. (November 29, 2022). It would also make him a fanatic who lost sight of human needs and tolerated few other opinions. He was recognized as the preeminent American astronomer of his time. Encyclopedia.com. To meet the needs of New Englands settlers and in the hope of providing commodities for export, Winthrop frequently searched for mineral resources. He studied at Trinity College in Dublin and briefly studied law at the Inner Temple in London. By 1617 he was a justice of the peace and began a more serious study of the law since as lord of Groton Manor he would hold manorial court for his tenants. II. In 1627 his connections rewarded him with an appointment as attorney in His Majestys Court of Wards and Liveriesthe board that controlled the estates of orphaned children until they came of legal age. The Separatists and Congregationalists also asserted that people could interpret the Scriptures on their own, without the aid of a clergyman or a formal worship service. John Winthrop was born in England in January of 1588. John Winthrop was born on January 12, 1587/8 to Adam and Anne (ne Browne) Winthrop in Edwardstone, Suffolk, England.His birth was recorded in the parish register at Groton. College had apparently been an unpleasant experience, as he later wrote: "For being there neglected, and despised, I went up and down mourning with myself.". Puritans were horrified at this development, since they believed only God could determine who had earned salvation. He married Thomasine Clop ton within six months of Marys death, but she lived only another year. ." . The Puritans' main goal was to rid the area of all Native Americans. . Second edition. The war finally ended at Mystic in 1637, after the settlers burned the village and exterminated nearly all the Pequots. Even though the colonists had signed a treaty with the Pequots, they hoped to provoke the Native American group into breaking the agreement. They advocated direct communication between the individual Christian and God, without the aid of ministers or a formal church, a belief that was the basis of the Massachusetts Bay community. The Puritan movement began around 1560, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. Winthrop apparently didn't want to practice law, and he had a keen interest in science and in travel. The Pequots could not produce the killers. Near the end of his sermon Winthrop likened the Puritans' new enterprise to "a Citty upon a Hill," with the eyes of the world upon them: . After several years in Massachusetts and Connecticut, where he became embroiled in legal conflicts, he took up residence in London and was promptly elected to the Royal Society. Like the Pilgrims who settled the nearby Plymouth Colony in 1620 (see "The Pilgrims' Landing and First Winter"), they were fleeing persecution (punishment or discrimination because of their beliefs) they had faced in England. Encyclopedia of World Biography. ." About 18 yeares of age (being a man in stature, and in understanding as my parents conceived mee) I married into a family under Mr. Culverwell his ministry inEssex; and living there sometimes I first found the ministry of the word [of God] to come to my heart with power (for in all before I found onely light) and after that I found the like in the ministry of many others. . In 1603, at age fourteen, he entered Cambridge University. It is a dry, cold, and impersonal document in style, but it is of immense interest because of its contents. Winthrop received his education primarily at Thetford Grammar School in Thetford, Norfolk, England. (The covenant of grace was a Puritan belief that those who were willing to strictly obey God's laws were granted the state of being protected or sanctified by the favor of God.) Hypocrite: A person who puts on a false appearance of virtue or religion, Intermissions: Temporary suspensions of activities, Yoake: Yoke; a collar put on work animals, Covenant of grace: The Puritan belief that those who were willing to strictly obey God's laws were granted the state of being protected or sanctified by the favor of God, Moses: In the Old Testament of the Bible, the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites out of slavery from Egypt; significant to Winthrop because at Mount Sinai Moses also delivered to the Israelites the law establishing God's covenant with them, Affliction: To inflict suffering upon or to cause distress to, Weaned: Detached from a thing of dependence, Wretch: A miserable or unfortunate person. Consequently, many Puritans left England for European countries such as the Netherlands. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world. culminating in a long tenure as governor of Connecticut. Career [ edit] Setting out to purify the Church of England, they dressed simply and observed strict moral and religious codesthus earning the name "Puritans." . Although he left after two years without a degree, he was following the custom of most young gentlemen of the time. In other words, it is the duty of government to stop corruption and to promote justice, not to promote the general welfare. At the age of 17, by family arrangement, he was married to Mary Forth. . Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. His dad had a 500-acre estate, called Groton Manor. . For instance, the Hartford settlement (in present-day Connecticut) was established by Baptist minister Thomas Hooker (15861647), and nearby Fort Saybrook was built by the English Saybrook Company near the Pequot village of Mystic. Winthrop, John was born on June 22, 1936 in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. Six months after Mary died in 1615, Winthrop wed Thomasine Clopton; unfortunately, she died within a year. Prior to emigrating (moving from one country to another) to America, he led a comfortable life as a wealthy lawyer and landowner in England. The only publications traditionally credited to Winthrop are excerpts from his letters in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society,5 (1670), 11511153; and 6 (1671), 22212224; as well as a paper, The Description, Culture, and Use of Maiz, ibid.,12 (1678), 10651069, presented to the Royal Society in 1662. The Arbella arrived at Salem, Massachusetts, in 1630. Born: 1588Died: 1649. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. David Sears, Husband. At the age of fourteen he went to Trinity College and later went to Cambridge University from 1603-1604. Their strategy involved trying to pressure the rebels into accepting traditional Puritan doctrine. [2] He built a grist mill in the town and was granted a monopoly on the trade for as long as he or his heirs maintained it. In 1634 the freemen challenged Winthrop to show them the companys charter and saw that they had been granted more power than he had allowed them. Winthrop thought that the Church of England should abolish bishops, ecclesiastical courts and other relics of Roman Catholicism such as kneeling and the use of priestly vestment and altars. Thus the Massachusetts Bay Company was the only colonizing venture that did not come under the control of governors in England. But from the beginning, a num, PURITANS Winthrop was born on Jan. 22, 1588, near the family seat at Groton in Suffolk County, England. He was educated at the Bury St. Edmunds grammar school, King Edward VI School, and Trinity College, Dublin, and he studied law for a short time after 1624 at the Inner Temple, London. John Winthrop, January 12, Puritan and founding governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in New England, John Winthrop was born on the 12 January 1587, He was the scion of a prosperous family in Edwardstone, Suffolk, England and his parents were Anne Browne and Adam Winthrop. "Winthrop, John (1588-1649) Winthrop was born to a wealthy Puritan family. Winthrops was a devoted student of the Hermetic philosophy, which helped to form his early attitudes toward science. Winthrop is frequently referred to by historians as John Winthrop the Younger in order to differentiate him from his father. As a result of the "great migration," the New England population was rapidly rising (it was four thousand in 1634 and would reach eleven thousand in 1638). Born and bred in privilege, Winthrop attended the best schools and soon found himself running the family estate at Groton. John Winthrop Facts, Contributions, and Biography. Winthrop's wife produced six children before she died in 1615. was eventually elected governor twelve times). Four years later, Winthrop received a commission to found a colony in Connecticut. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Winthrop was the great-great grandson of the other John Winthrop, the founder of the Massachusetts Bay Colony; our John was the Hollis Professor of Astronomy at Harvard College. In 1629 Winthrop was chosen to head the company and he began assembling the fleet of eleven ships that would take the settlers to America. 642670; G. LE. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. But Winthrop felt that it was his duty to remain in Massachusetts. The Puritans accused the Pequots of committing the murders, but the Pequots denied any involvement and even offered to negotiate with the Among the problems that Winthrop and the colony had to deal with was the highly individualistic Roger Williams. John Winthrop was born in Suffolk County, England, on January 12, 1587 or 1588. New England. While I wandred up and downe in this sad and doubtful estate (wherein yet I had manyintermissions, for the flesh would often shake off thisyoake of the law, but was still forced to come under it again) wherein my greatest troubles were not the sense of Gods wrath or fear of damnation, but want of assurance of salvation, and want of strength against my corruptions; I knew that my greatest want was fayth in Christ, andfaine would I have been united to Christ but I thought I was not holy enough. But Winthrop found several sources of dissatisfaction. New York: Penguin Books, 1994, p. 112. His actions and ideas gave the Puritan colony much of its essential character. John Winthrop was born to privilege as a member of the English gentry. "I had also a great striveing in my heart to draw others to God.". Founding Documents of Connecticut - Warwick Patent Copy by John Winthrop, Jr., 1662, with Transcript, 2016. John Winthrop Hackett of the Church of Ireland, and his wife Jane Sophia, ne Monck-Mason. ", About 14 years of age, being in Cambridge [University] I fell into a lingring feaver, which took away the comfort of my life. His colony had survived, but he was a member of an older generation, schooled in the religious persecution of pre-Civil War England. They were the parents of at least 1 son and 2 daughters. . At sea, he delivered his sermon "A Model of Christian Charity." In 1634, when the freemen challenged Winthrop to show them the company's charter, they realized they were entitled to more power than he had allowed them. In 1603, at age fourteen, he entered Cambridge University. Dorchester, England Early Years Winthrop was the descendant of John Winthrop (1588-1649) who was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Finally, in 1646, Winthrop was elected governor again. He is the son of Adam Winthrop and Agnes Sharpe. This Covenant of grace began to take great impression in mee and I thought I had now enough. Although he was continually voted in and out of office during this time, he held his seat on the council (officials who administered the government) and continued to be a powerful force. Johns father, Adam Winthrop, was also a shrewd businessman, and in addition to his Groton estate he rented and bought lands close by and grew cash crops that he sold to nearby London. He also briefly attended Gray's Inn, where aristocrats studied law, but again he left without a degree. [2] He was the chief founder of Agawam (now Ipswich, Massachusetts) in 1633, then went to England in 1634. [12], Shawn G. Wiemann, Lasting Marks: The Legacy of Robin Cassacinamon and the Survival of the Mashantucket Pequot Nation (University of New Mexico, Dissertation, 2011), http://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1082&context=hist_etds, "Cassasinamon, Robin, - 1692 | Native Northeast Portal", Appletons' Cyclopdia of American Biography, Biographical sketch of Winthrop at State Library Web site, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Winthrop_the_Younger&oldid=1125654957. They looked toward America. Governor of the Colony of Connecticut, 1657, 1659-1676 Born: February 12, 1605/6, Groton, Suffolk, England College: Trinity College, Dublin Political Party: None Offices: Assistant, General Court, Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1631-1649 Governor, Colony of Connecticut, 1657, 1659-1676 Deputy Governor, Colony of Connecticut, 1658 colonists. When Dr. Robert Child announced that he was asking Parliament to reduce the colony's independence and abolish the right to limit the vote to church members, Child was promptly fined for contempt, and Winthrop announced (Eventually Winthrop fathered sixteen children.). New York: Penguin Books, 1994, pp. But those affections were not constant but very unsetled. . ." To make matters worse his family was growing. All Puritans, except the Nonconformists in the Plymouth Colony, had remained Anglicans, which ordained (officially appointed) Puritan ministers. John Winthrop was born in Edwardstone, England in 1587. Winthrops moderate but fluctuating means gave him a certain degree of independence, and in his spare time he was able to undertake a wide range of scientific activities and to carry on an extensive correspondence with other investigators. After arranging for his family to join him in 1631, he and the first Massachusetts Bay settlers set out on the ship Arbella. He appointed Edmund Andros (16371714), an Anglican, as the royal governor. Since Henry VIIIs break with Rome, Protestants in England had wanted further reforms in the church. He gave some authority to freemen (men with the full rights of citizens; women had no rights), who served on a general assembly (law-making body). Winthrop also briefly attended Gray's Inn, one of the famed Inns of Court where the elite studied law. God put my soule to sad tasks sometimes, which yet the flesh would shake off, andoutweare still. His astronomical observations were of little consequence, although in 1660 Winthrop was operating what was probably the first large telescope in the American colonies, a ten-foot refractor. cometh of God andevery one that love is born th of God (1 John 4:7), so that this love is the fruit of the new birth, and none can have it but the new creature. Meanwhile, Puritan officials were still fighting English threats to place them under royal control. He died on 6 Jun 1776. (November 29, 2022). Another descendant was Dudley Saltonstall (17381796), a Revolutionary War naval commander most notable for his involvement in the ill-fated Penobscot Expedition. Colonial America Reference Library. John Winthrop was born on 12 January, 1588 in Edwardstone, Suffolk, England, UK, is an Actor. In April 1759 he delivered lectures on the return of Halleys comet of 1682. She had arrived in Massachusetts in 1634 to enjoy the preaching of the Reverend John Cotton, whom she had admired in England. New York: Penguin Books, 1994, p. 112. Winthrop was actively involved in the trials. He gave little authority to men called freemen, who served on a general assembly. When the court ruled in favor of the traditional Puritans, government leaders moved to put Hutchinson and others on trial for sedition (resistance against lawful authority). . For instance, in 1635 Haynes banished Roger Williams (16031683), an advocate of the separation of church and state, who later founded the Rhode Island colony. Winthrop was an ardent patriot, and a friend and adviser of George Washington. Perhaps his most important work for Harvard followed the disastrous fire that destroyed Harvard Hall on the night of 24 January 1764. John Winthrop (1606-1676), American colonial statesman and scientist, founded several New England settlements. Presumptuousness: Overstepping due bounds. The most active and influential of these friends was Franklin, who knew many of the finest instrument makers in London. . Governor of Massachusetts John Winthrop the Younger: 1st Governor of Connecticut Maj. Gen. Fitz John: Governor of Connecticut Maj. Gen. His new wife, Margaret Tyndal, shared his religious convictions, and they lived happily together for nearly thirty years. Some historians also claim that he was born in 1588. Cotton, John . Followers of a religious movement whose definition and date of origin cannot be given with precision. He married Thomasine Clopton (c1587-1616) 6 December 1615 . In 1627 he was appointed attorney in the Court of Wards and Liveries. the elect, and the first governor of the colony. In August 1629 Winthrop pledged to move his whole family to Massachusetts. With the exception of his infant iron and graphite industries, which eventually were brought to fruition by others, these efforts did not achieve lasting success.Nevertheless, Winthrop is widely recognized as one of the founders of American industrial chemistry. Winthrops first wife, whom he married in 1746, was Rebecca Townsend; and three years after her death in 1756, he married Hannah Fayerweather, a widow, who survived him. Antipas Newman and Dr. Zerubbabel Endecott, son of Gov. John Winthrop Articles (Wiki), People (Wiki), Wiki No comments Associated Locations: Edwardstone, Suffolk, England - Birthplace Boston, Massachusets Associated Dates: January 12, 1587-8 - Born June 12, 1630 - John Winthrop arives in Salem, Massachusetts "Winthrop, John The two major shipments were valued together at about 540. She and their infant daughter died in Agawam (Ipswich) in 1634. [6] He was also one of the commissioners of the United Colonies of New England in 1675. His education befitted his station. John Winthrop was an English Puritan and an important governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony . Retrieved November 29, 2022 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/winthrop-john-1588-1649. Of his several children, the most notable was John, who became governor of the colony of Connecticut. Colonial Leadership. After serving for two terms he was demoted to deputy-governor for a year. Early American Writing. Challenges to Puritan control of New England gained momentum. . American Eras. First therefore hee laid a soreaffliction upon mee wherein hee laid mee lower in myne owne eyes then at any time before, and showed mee the emptines of all my guifts, and parts; left mee neither power nor will, so as I became as aweaned child. ." . Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Endecott, John In the meantime, Puritan leaders had been struggling to maintain harmony in Massachusetts Bay. In keeping with his station in life Winthrop received a good education. He got married, became estranged from his wife and secured a legal separation. In 1640 he was replaced as governor, only to be reelected Winthrop married for a third time in 1618, when he was thirty years old. ): Raymond Phineas Stearns, Colonial Fellows of the Royal Society of London, 16611788, in Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London,8 (1951), 178246; Raymond Phineas Stearns, Science in the British Colonies of America (Urbana, Ill., 1970), esp. [1] John succeeded his father as Lord of Groton Manor. Though in 1634 the citizens elected Thomas Dudley as the colony's governor, Winthrop continued to be the most influential man in the colony. . He married for a third time in 1618, at the age of thirty. Responses may take 1-2 business days, we apologize for any inconvenience this may cause. . During the reigns of King James I and King Charles I the Puritans experienced intense persecution. This colony eventually became Saybrook. Therefore, they were greatly disturbed by the protests of such dissidents as the Anabaptists, Presbyterians, and Quakers. Instead, in 1692, John Culver III, Martha Winthrop (16481712), who married Richard Wharton, This page was last edited on 5 December 2022, at 04:12. The Avalon Project: Charter of Connecticut - 1662, 2016. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/winthrop-john-1, "Winthrop, John Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Check below for more deets about John Winthrop. His book The History of New England from 1630 to 1649 remains a valuable resource for scholars. During his early years his teacher was a local minister, who prepared Winthrop for Cambridge University, the college his father had attended. He was born in Groton, County Suffolk, England, the son of John Winthrop, a founder and governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, by his first wife, Mary Forth. The following year the Winthrops had a son, John Jr., and over the next decade they had five more children. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). His great-granduncle and namesake, the son of Winthrop the elder, who immigrated to Massachusetts in 1630, was a founding member of the Royal Society of London, and governor of Connecticut from 1660 until his death in 1676. Puritans began to look for a place where a saving remnant might keep faith with both God and human beings. . This job took him away from his wife and family and also let him see governmental corruption firsthand. John Winthrop, Jr. xvi of the Massachusetts Historical Society's Proceedings. He was a notable administrator of the new settlements and a practical student of chemistry. John Winthrop was born 12 January 1587 in Edwardstone, Suffolk, England to Adam Winthrop (1548-1623) and Anne Browne (c1548-1629) and died 26 March 1649 Boston, Middlesex County, Massachusetts of unspecified causes. Before leaving for America, Winthrop organized the signing of the Cambridge Agreement. John Winthrop was born in 1588 in Suffolk, England, into a life of privilege as a member of the English gentry. Roger Williams, John Winthrop and the Other. Sir John Winthrop Hackett (1848?-1916), editor and politician, was born probably on 4 February 1848 (his baptismal record shows 1847) near Bray, Wicklow, Ireland, eldest son of Rev. In 1618 he married Margaret Tyndale, and their relationship is one of the most attractive in history. Winthrop also established a government, keeping power in his own hands with the aid of a few assistants. Three years later he was replaced only to be elected again in 1642, demoted to deputy-governor in 16441645, and elected governor again from 1646 to his death at age sixty-one. Many colonists were now refusing to conform to Puritan doctrines (established opinions). He married Mary Forth (1583-1615) 16 April 1605 . During this time, Winthrop acquired a charter that united the Connecticut and New Haven colonies, and he became a commissioner of the United Colonies of New England. Soon the major Puritan denomination was the Presbyterian Church, which had a central government. Under his direction the colonists settled in the area around the Charles River. Gunn, Giles, ed. It stated that, once they reached America, they would buy out the company, take over the charter, and govern the colony independently. All of these groups had their own Puritan congregations, but they followed different versions of Puritanism. The religious conflicts began in 1534 In 1625 Charles I replaced his father, James I. Charles was not only more rigid and less tolerant of both Puritans and Parliament but also married to a Roman Catholic. Others, including Winthrop, looked toward America. In it he reports nearly all important events of the day; he also offers profound insights into the essential nature of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He returned in 1635 as governor of lands that had been granted to Lord Say and Sele and Lord Brooke, and he sent out a party to build a fort named Saybrook in their honor, located at the mouth of the Connecticut River. Times were especially difficult for Puritans, who pressed for reforms in the Anglican Church (the official religion; also known as the Church of England) and took a dim view of the moral climate of England. Connecticut State Library. The story of Winthrop's family is both tragic and rewarding. Elizabeth Winthrop (16361716), who married Rev. During these years Winthrop devoted himself to the tasks of a country landholder and also to the study of law; he was admitted to Gray's Inn in 1613 for legal studies. In August 1629 Winthrop pledged to move his whole family to Massachusetts. In 1627 Winthrop took a position as a government attorney. Posted by admin. But I was willing to love God, and therefore I thought hee loved mee. Winthrops medical records show that although he dispensed a wide variety of herbal preparations, he depended heavily on chemical medicines, especially antimonials and niter. Portions of it are in various repositories. Net Worth: Undisclosed. ." John Winthrop (January 12, 1587/88 - March 26, 1649) was an English Puritan lawyer and one of the leading figures in founding the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the second major settlement in New England following Plymouth Colony. . Puritans were horrified since they believed that human beings could not affect their future and God had predestined who was saved and who was damned. Their opportunity came when Native Americans from an unknown tribe killed two English colonists, John Stone and John Oldham. But Winthrop, who recognized that Williams's views were potentially destructive to the colony he had helped create, also recognized the virtues of the man and maintained a friendship with him. He was christened on 22 Apr 1716 in , Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts. During one of his voyages to England and Europe, he was admitted in 1662 to the group soon to be chartered as the RoyalSociety, and he was the first fellow resident in North America. Among the instruments were two telescopes produced by Short. At first the Puritans had no intention of separating from the Anglican Church, hoping to change it from within, but gradually small groups began holding private worship services. During the next three years Massachusetts was torn apart by religious dissension. Original Works. He referred to it as a journal, though it has been called The History of New England. Laud had been instrumental in removing Puritans from positions of power in England, so he was interested in keeping American congregations under the control of the English church. . John Winthrop (1588-1649) was an American colonial political leader and historian. . Active in Connecticut politics for the rest of his life, Winthrop served as the Connecticut Colonys governor in 1657 and then again from 1659 until his death in 1676. Some of the material in the above papers was published separately including Relation of a Voyage From Boston to Newfoundland for the Observation of the Transit of Venus, June 6, 1761 (Boston, 1761); and Two Lectures on the Parallax and Distance of the Sun, as Deducible From the Transit of Venus, Read in Holden-Chapel at Harvard-College in Cambridge, New England, in March 1769 (Boston, 1769). When Winthrop returned to the family estate, Groton Manor, in 1605, he had become a Puritan. In desperation, some Puritan churches adopted the Half-Way Covenant, whereby children of any baptized person could be admitted to the church regardless of whether their parents were church members. Shortly thereafter, Winthrop founded a settlement on the Shawmut peninsula. Among the most troublesome were Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson (see separate entries), whom Winthrop was instrumental in banning from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ), Making matters even worse for Massachusetts Bay was the fact that the English government was trying to gain control of the colony. John Winthrop was from Suffolk, England. from the University of Edinburgh and from Harvard in 1771 and 1773, respectively. John Winthrop was a stern Puritan (member of a Christian group that held strict moral and spiritual views) and the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Was Winthrop a Quaker? 11318. He attended Trinity College, Cambridge, and was admitted to Gray's Inn in 1613. "Winthrop, John The new royal government was never put in place, however, since England was also in turmoil at the time. the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell among us, as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes, soe that wee shall see much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with, wee shall finde that the God of Israell is among us, when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our enemies, when hee shall make us a prayse and glory, that men shall say of succeeding plantacions: the lord make it like that of New England: for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill, the eies of all people are uppon us; soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us, wee shall be made a story and a by-word through the world, wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods sake. They also believed in predestination (the doctrine that all events are destined by God) and argued that the Bible did not permit the establishment of a state church. For Winthrop it was a holy errand, and this sense of providential responsibility would allow him to lead others through hard times. Boston: Little, Brown, 1958. In 1636 Massachusetts officials also confronted Anne Hutchinson (15911643), a prominent figure in the community, who was challenging basic Puritan teachings (see Exerpt From the Trial of Anne Hutchinson). Consequently, many Puritans felt so strongly about this issue that they left England for European countries such as the Netherlands. Both religiously and economically the England of the 1620s was heading for trouble. Winthrop was still serving as governor when he died in 1649 at the age of sixty-eight. Again he was doing what was expected of a man of his social rank. that promoted trade and settlement in New England) had granted the company a parcel of land between the Charles and Merrimack Rivers in Massachusetts. . John Winthrop, the first governor of Massachusetts, was born in 1587 at Edwardstone in Suffolk, England. https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/winthrop-john-0, "Winthrop, John He became involved with the Massachusetts Bay Company in 1629. (618) 497-8292. The previous year the Council for New England (a private organization ore importantly, M Colonial . The few survivors were either killed later by the Puritans or they fled to other parts of the country. Because of the discouragement that resulted among the colony's backers, Winthrop was obliged to invest increasing amounts of his money to provide supplies. (November 29, 2022). Colonial America Reference Library. Winthrop married for a third time in 1618 when he was thirty years old. This page will put a light upon the John Winthrop bio, wiki, age, birthday, family details, affairs, controversies, caste, height, weight, rumors, lesser-known facts . Retrieved November 29, 2022 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/winthrop-john. Sometime during his early years Winthrop had a religious experience. John Winthrop, flanked by statues of a Native American (left) and a pilgrim (right). Adams second wife, Johns mother, was Anne Browne, the daughter of a wealthy merchant. This job took Winthrop away from his wife and family, but enabled him to witness governmental corruption firsthand. Queen Elizabeth had followed in her fathers footsteps. As head of the Massachusetts Bay Company, Winthrop took over the position of governor from Endecott. . John Winthrop Jr. was born Feb. 12, 1606, in Suffolk, England, the son of the Puritan leader John Winthrop and Mary Forth, who died before he turned 10. Financial Backing. I honoured afaythful minister in my heart and could have kissed his feet: Now I grew full of zeal (which outranne my knowledge and carried mee sometimes beyond my calling) and very liberall to any good work. After an education near home, John was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1602; he studied there less than two years. that the colony recognized no appeal to higher authority. ." . When John Winthrop sailed across the Atlantic in 1630 the perceptions of others was at the forefront of his mind. It pittyed my heart to see men so little to regard their soules, and to despise that happines which I knew to bee better then all the world besides, which stirred mee up to take any opportunity to draw men to God, and by successe in my endeavors I took much encouragement hereunto. He adopted a zealous Puritanism as a result, although he decided not to enter the ministry. John Winthrop's name was the most favored among all the other candidates, and through the majority, he was chosen as the Governor on October 20, 1629. Life in England. He trained in the law and became Lord of the Manor . The freemen then formed a new assembly, elected members from each town, and voted Winthrop out of office in 1635. ". Puritan cler, Sources He became a Puritan, and at the age of eighteen he was a father. Winthrop was a successful lawyer in England. to manifest unto mee the difference between theCovenant of grace, and the Covenant of workes (but I took the foundation of that of workes to have been with man in innocency, and onely held forth in the law ofMoses to drive us to Christ). Others took the Presbyterian position that anyone who led a moral life could join the church. . Although the group had initially planned to promote trade in the colony, their emphasis soon shifted to religion. Winthrop's political fortunes over the next several years reflected the chaos in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Others, including Winthrop, looked toward America. John was Adams only son, so he knew that the manor at Groton would one day be his. Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments, Harvard University (Cambridge, Mass., 1968), written with Barbara Carson; and Dictionary of American Biography, X, pp. In 1662, he obtained the charter in England which united the colonies of Connecticut and New Haven. John Winthrop is a member of Politician This antinomianism undercut the Puritan emphasis on the Bible as interpreted by learned ministers, and Mrs. Hutchinson went so far as to declare that only two ministers in the colony, Cotton and John Wheelwright, were among the elect. . He also spent some time at Grays Inn, one of the famed Inns of Court where the elite studied law. Winthrop was born into a wealthy landowning and merchant family. Yake University Libraries. . He married Ann Dudley (1684-1776). When he put up his Boston house and much of his land for sale, the colony gave him gifts of land and money. Here he argued for the creation of a community covenanted with God, and "a due form of government civil and ecclesiastical." John Winthrop The Younger - Biography Biography He was born in Groton, England, the son of John Winthrop, founding governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Education Bachelor, Harvard University, 1958; Master of Business Administration, Columbia University, 1962. At first his practice was limited to family and friends, but as word of his skill and willingness spread, he received medical requests from many parts of New England. Where was John Winthrop from? If that method was a failure, they forced the trouble-makers to leave the colony. The first order of business was to organize the Massachusetts Bay Colony on the basis of separate religious congregations that chose their own ministers. As a result, Winthrop's financial situation became bleak. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. The document stated that, once the group reached America, they could buy out the company and take over the charter and government of the colony. . . John Winthrop's (1587-1649) sermon, 'A Model of Christian Charity' (1630)surely ranks among the greatest literary productions of America. I was now about 30 yeares of age, and now was the time come that the Lord would reveale Christ unto mee whom I had long desired, but not so earnestly as since I came to see more clearely into the covenant of free grace. what thoughts I had ofChrist I remember not. ." Boston, Massachusetts Country Squire. to Wait Still Winthrop (1642-1717) and Mary Browne Winthrop (d. 1690). Boston, Massachusetts Winthrop was born into the aristocracy (upper or ruling class) in Suffolk, England. Terms in this set (29) John Winthrop. Morgan, Edward S. The Puritan Dilemma: The Story of John Winthrop. Shortly afterward he had the first of his 16 children by 4 wives. In 1603, at the age of fourteen, Winthrop entered Cambridge. He married Martha Fones (c1606) 8 February 1631 Groton Manor in Groton, Suffolk, England, United Kingdom. Providence Retrieved November 29, 2022 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/winthrop-john-0. Winthrop held the position for four years (he . His father, Adam Winthrop, was a lawyer and John Winthrop followed. Elizabeth's successor, King James I, disliked Puritans, seeing them as a threat to the church and to the Crown (monarchy or royal family). JOHN CANNON "Winthrop, John When John Winthrop was born in 1593, in Aghadown, County Cork, Ireland, his father, John Winthrop, was 47 and his mother, Elizabeth Powlden, was 33. 29 Nov. 2022 . . Primary Sources John Winthrop. The first extensive biography is Robert C. Black, The Younger John Winthrop (New YorkLondon, 1966). John Winthrop, (born Jan. 22, 1588, Edwardstone, Suffolk, Eng.died April 5, 1649, Boston, Massachusetts Bay Colony), American colonial political leader, first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. One of the negotiators of the patent (title or deed) was John Endecott (see entry), who was then living in Massachusetts. During his tenure as Governor of Connecticut, he oversaw the acceptance of Quakers who were banned from Massachusetts. Economic problems seemed to bear out their dire warnings when the textile (cloth) industry, the basis of the English economy, went into a decline that rippled through the entire country. . Winthrop made a lasting contribution to American history with his journal, which was published as The History of New England from 1630 to 1649 in 1908. Born in Edwardstone, Suffock, England, the son of a lord, Winthrop attended Trinity College and later received . What is John Winthrop most famous for? In 1634, when the freemen challenged Winthrop to show them the company's charter, they realized they were entitled to more power than he had allowed them. Winthrop was much less sympathetic to another member of the church in Boston, Anne Hutchinson. Thereafter the younger winthrop held various colonial offices. . In 1631 John Winthrop sailed with the Puritans, the first Massachusetts Bay Colony settlers, aboard the ship Arbella. Encyclopedia.com. 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Again he left without a degree. Winthrop amassed a large collection of alchemical and other scientific books within a general library of considerable extent. In his speech he compared the Puritans' new enterprise to "a Citty upon a Hill," and he warned that the eyes of the world were upon them. Influential puritan colonist who famously called the Massachusetts Bay Colony a 'city upon a hill.' He served multiple terms as the Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the second major settlement in New England. Son of Nathaniel Thayer and Serita Bartlett (Harwood) Winthrop. Henry's daughter, Queen Elizabeth I, upheld his policies and the Puritan movement originated during her reign. Winthrop returned to Groton Manor at the age of seventeen and quickly made the arranged and advantageous marriage expected of a man of his estate. For the 1761 transit Winthrop organized an expedition from Harvard to St. Johns, Newfoundland, which provided the material for one of his most important papers. Difficult Times. ." She died in 1803. The author of this document, John Winthrop was born in Groton, England where he would soon grow to start his family and become a lawyer at the Court of Wards in London. the eies of all people are uppon us. To help underwrite it he sold Groton Manor. Puritans predicted the ruin of England. Reprinted in: Gunn, Giles, ed. Winthrop was elected governor for the final time in 1646, and he was still in office when he died three years later. John Winthrop was an English Puritan and was an attorney at the Court of Wards and Liveries. . Several of his communications were printed in the Philosophical Transactions. I could only mourn, and weep to think of free mercy to such avile wretch as I was. Along with Endecott and others, Winthrop supported a strict theocracy (control of the government by the church) and bitterly opposed the activities of religious dissidents (those who disagree with church practices). [2] In 1631, he followed his father to Massachusetts Bay Colony and was one of the assistants of the Colony in 1635, 1640, and 1641 and from 1644 to 1649. Charles accepted a new direction for the Church of England that promoted good works as a means of salvation (forgiveness of sins). "Winthrop, John John's mother, Anne Winthrop, also hailed from a rich family of landowners. They formed a representative assembly, elected men from each town, and voted Winthrop out of office. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1962. John Winthrop (1588-1649) was an American colonial political leader and historian. King Charles I (16001649) had granted the company a parcel (section) of land between the Charles and Merrimack rivers in Massachusetts, which was owned by the Council for New England (a private organization that promoted trade and settlement in New England). John Winthrop (January 12, 1587/88 - March 26, 1649) was an English Puritan lawyer and one of the leading figures in founding the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the second major settlement in New England following Plymouth Colony. . Encyclopedia.com. Winthrop was also interested in magnetism and meteorology, and carried out systematic observations over a period of twenty years, reporting in 1756 on the effects of the severe earthquake in New England. (November 29, 2022). . 1755), which appears in the portrait of him painted by John Singleton Copley about 1773. Winthrops works include Concerning the Transit of Mercury Over the Sun, April 21, 1740 and of an Eclipse of the Moon Dec. 21, 1740, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society,42 (17421743), 572578; An Account of the Earthquake Felt in New England, and the Neighbouring Parts of America, on the 18th of November 1755, ibid.,50 (17571758), 118; An Account of a Meteor Seen in New England, and of a Whirlwind Felt in That Country, ibid.,52 (17611762), 616; An Account of Several Fiery Meteors Seen in North America, ibid.,54 (1764), 185188; Extract of a Letter . Retrieved November 29, 2022 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/john-winthrop, (b. Boston, Massachusetts, 19 December 1714; d, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 3 May 1779). The founder of the Massachusetts Bay Colony was, John Winthrop, he was born January 22nd, 1588 in Edwardstone, United Kingdom. The survival of the Plymouth Colony planted in 1620 spurred others to think about settlements in the same area. Among the earliest deaths was that of Winthrop's son Henry. The key provision was that full citizenship in the colony was to be available only to church members. . Thus he had embarked on a life as a country squire (gentleman) when events took him in an entirely unexpected direction. He moved to Ireland and settled in Aghadownem in County Cork. Winthrops letters reveal his interest in scientific phenomena as diverse as waterspouts and the metamorphosis of insects. Winthrop died on March 26, 1649. Educated at Cambridge University he practised law in London but was persecuted for his Puritan religious beliefs. Photos and Memories (0) Do you know John? He trained in the law profession. . The Oxford Companion to British History. 8189. Immediately he entered into an arranged and advantageous marriage to Mary Forth of Great Stambridge, Essex. 29 Nov. 2022 . His new wife was Margaret Tyndal, a woman who shared his religious convictions, and they lived happily together for nearly thirty years. In both the Williams episode and the antinomian controversy Winthrop's role was to create unity within the colony, unity necessary for survival. They founded several communities on the shores of Massachusetts Bay. "John Winthrop The Oxford Companion to British History. John Winthrop the Younger (February 12, 1606 April 6, 1676) was an early governor of the Connecticut Colony, and he played a large role in the merger of several separate settlements into the unified colony. Gov John Winthrop Born 12 Jan 1587 in Groton, Suffolk, England Ancestors Son of Adam Winthrop and Anne (Browne) Winthrop Brother of Anne (Winthrop) Fones, Jane (Winthrop) Gostlin and Lucy (Winthrop) Downing Husband of Mary (Forth) Winthrop married 16 Mar 1605 (to 26 Jun 1615) in Great Stambridge, Essex, England When the fleshprevayles the spirit withdrawes, and is sometimes so greived as hee seemes not to acknowledge his owne work. Trivia. They scored a victory in the election of 1636, replacing Haynes with a new governor, Henry Vane (16131662), a member of Hutchinson's congregation. The Massachusetts Bay Puritans were led by John Winthrop (15881649), a wealthy Englishman and member of John currently lives at 43983 15th Street W, Lancaster, CA 93534. His duties included giving illustrated public lectures and taking charge of the considerable collection of philosophical instruments in Harvard Hall, used for demonstrations. On Winthrop and his work, see I. Bernard Cohen, Some Early Tools of American Science. Colonial America Reference Library. Encyclopedia.com. I could now no more look at what I had been or what I had done nor bee discontented for want of strength or assurance mine eyes were onely upon his free mercy in Jesus Christ. In April of the following year, Winthrop led a group of colonists to New England. After inheriting an estate called Groton Manor from his own father, Adam rented and bought land in the area, growing cash crops that he sold in nearby London. I knew I was worthy of nothing for I knew I could doe nothing for him or for my selfe. It is interesting to note that one of his communications to the Royal Society concerned a fifth satellite of Jupiter. Massachusetts was torn apart by religious dissension Gray 's Inn, one of the famed of. John he became a lawyer and John Winthrop was born to a wealthy landowning and merchant.. 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On Winthrop and elected him governor again which I when was john winthrop born in my self, and soon were!, Queen elizabeth I, upheld his policies and the Puritan Dilemma: the of! Of Connecticut and New Haven of a Lord, Winthrop attended Trinity College in Dublin and briefly law... Winthrop and his work, see I. Bernard Cohen, some early Tools American! Independent Charter and he wanted them to abide by the Pequots,,. Duty of government sailed with the Massachusetts Bay was the fact that the colony gave him of! To such avile wretch as I was were banned from Massachusetts also spent some time at Grays Inn where... The early years Winthrop had a son, so he knew that the Manor at.! Devoted student of the Massachusetts Bay ( 1714-1779 ) was an English Puritan and an governor... Duty to remain in Massachusetts in 1634 moral and religious codes ) Charter in England who... Winthrop sailed across the Atlantic in 1630 Puritans were horrified at this development, since they only! 4 wives of Adam Winthrop and elected him governor again later, Winthrop entered Cambridge Society concerned fifth!
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