She became the first woman to hold the position of the president of the Association of American Geographers. He also served as the Library of Alexandrias chief librarian. Semple came up with the theory of environmental determinism. The geographer was born in 1100 AD in Ceuta, a town which was then under Almoravids, to a family that claimed to be direct descendants of Prophet Muhammad. Right IconThis ranking is based on an algorithm that combines various factors, including the votes of our users and search trends on the internet. The list of star constellations made the Almagest a book of great import to astronomers in Europe and Arabia in the medieval era. The word "guyot", which refers to a flat-topped volcanic peak that rises from the ocean floor, is named after him. Continental Europe and the Mediterranean were well defined in Strabos map. Use history and current events to make it stick. Carl Ritter himself was a dedicated anti-slavery propagandist in Germany. Carl Ritter (lithograph) Carl Ritter (August 7, 1779 - September 28, 1859) was a German geographer. However, four individuals are considered the founding fathers of ancient geography due to their contributions to the discipline; Eratosthenes, Strabo, Claudius Ptolemy, and Muhammad al-Idrisi. His work described the Earth to be divided into five zones and four seas, the most important being the Mediterranean. Here are the top six data collection methods: The four concepts of geographic thinking are: Spatial significance. Apart from being a sociologist and biologist, Patrick Geddes was known for his impeccable sense of town planning. It is believed he didnt know his father. Sven Hedin was a Swedish topographer, geographer, photographer, explorer, illustrator, and travel writer. Al-Idrisi was a 12th-century Arabic geographer, who was best known for one of the most accurate geographical maps of the ancient world. From 1830 to 1843, he served as Surveyor General of India. He is referred to as the founder or father of algebra as he was the first person to recognize algebra as an independent discipline. A close friend of Charles Darwin, Charles Lyell is also credited with influencing many of Darwin's works pertaining to the theories of evolution. Edward Soja was an American self-described urbanist and political geographer. Along with Alexander von Humboldt, he is considered one of the founders of modern geography. Rocky Mountains. Counted among the most important leaders of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration, Mawson was honored with a knighthood in 1914. Son of a shoemaker, Flemish cartographer Gerardus Mercator was initially supposedto be a priest. He has authored many books and essays and is one of the most cited authors of books in the humanities and social sciences. John Wesley Powell, American explorer, geologist, and ethnologist, best known for his exploration of the upper portion of the Colorado River and the Grand Canyon. All Possible Worlds: A History of Geographical Ideas., page 131). Once he was old enough, Alexander began to study at the Freiberg Academy of Mines under the famous geologist A.G. Werner. "Biography of Alexander von Humboldt." The geographers ancestors forcefully settled in Ceuta after the Zirids of Granada defeated Hammudid Malaga. He began his career as a surveyors apprentice and later introduced concepts such as reinforcement in animals, also known as the Wallace effect. Halford Mackinder was an English geographer, politician, and academic. After failing to shine in economics and engineering, he grew up to revolutionize the domain of geography. He taught history at the University of Berlin and was one of the mentors of the explorer Heinrich Barth, who traveled in Northern and Western Africa. The stations were established in 1835 and von Humboldt was able to use the data to develop the principle of continentality, that the interiors of continents have more extreme climates due to a lack of moderating influence from the ocean. The accuracy of the Geographica book was unchallenged for hundreds of years and was widely reproduced in the Byzantine Empire. These elements correspond approximately to the studies of Hydrography, Meteorology, Climatology, as well as Volcanology. However, these maps were basic regional maps and were laden with errors and exaggerations. Greek polymath Eratosthenes of Cyrene was a mathematician, poet, geographer, music theorist, and astronomer. He also made significant contributions to trigonometry; he produced precise sine and cosine tables. The years 18141819, which he spent at Gttingen in order still to watch over his pupils, were those in which he began to exclusively study geography. Tectonic plate movement under the Earth can create landforms by pushing up mountains and hills. An expert who is proficient and well versed in the field of geographical research and delineations, a geographer studies topography, climate, soil, vegetation and earth surface structure among many other features. While he initially taught botany in Dundee, he later turned to sociology and conducted studies in India, Mexico, and other countries. This measurement was used for hundreds of years and was even studied by Christopher Columbus 17 centuries after the death of Eratosthenes. One of the works in which Ptolemy is known for is "Geography", which spoke about map projects and the difficulties of mapping. In partitioning the Earth into "Erdgegende" he has developed a theory of area, which he views as indispensable to geographical inquiry. Von Humboldt's fortunes were ultimately exhausted because of his travels and self-publishing of his reports. Wladimir Kppen was a Russian-German meteorologist, geographer, botanist, and climatologist. The concepts of Possibilism, genre de vie and geografie humaine are all associated with Blache. The house where he was born, number 15 Steinbrcke, was torn down in 1955. Environmental geography: how people can harm or protect the environment. Humboldt is also considered to be the father of modern geography. Once they arrived in South America, Alexander von Humboldt and Bonpland studied the flora, fauna, and topography of the continent. This style of research was much criticized by his contemporaries. He is well recognized as an educator and famous for his geopolitical concepts. A respected explorer, Hedin was honored with several prestigious awards and medals during his lifetime. Some historians point Anaximander, a 4th century BC Greek scholar as the true founder of the study of geography. This establishment saw that geography was taught at all levels of education and not only in colleges. He originated the concept of Lebensraum, or "living space," which relates human groups to the spatial units where they develop. Doreen Massey was a British geographer and social scientist. The pair were persuaded to visit Washington, D.C. by an American counselor and they did so. Comparing Geography to language theory or philosophy, he believed that it was necessary to understand each "Erdgegend" (area of the Earth) and its characteristic appearances and natural relationships without relying on the absolute work of pure description and classification. During his expeditions in the Americas and Europe, he recorded and reported on magnetic declination. Also an influential writer, Friedrich Ratzel's works served as a justification for imperial expansion. He also served as the Library of Alexandria 's chief librarian. Ask any geographer to name one individual responsible for founding their discipline, and they are likely to answer: "Ptolemy". Von Humboldt was the last true master but one of the first to bring geography to the world. Alexander von Humboldt Reset Next Advertisement grungester Answer: D. Alexander Von Humboldt Advertisement Advertisement Claudius Ptolemaeus (c100 AD-c170) lived in second-century Alexandria, where he wrote the Geographike hyphegesis (c150), known today simply as the Geography.It defined geography, explained how to draw a world map, and offered a gazetteer of over 8,000 locations . Adam Sedgwick was a British Anglican priest and geologist. God's will was the development and fulfillment of the areas created. He also served as Spanish king Philip IIs official geographer and proposed the idea of continental drift. The following year, he left government service and began to plan travels with Aime Bonpland, a botanist. It is concerned with the spatial behavior of people, with the spatial relationships that are observed between places on the earths surface, and with the spatial processes that create or maintain those behaviors and relationships. .. (greek) a geographer, he divided the earth's. surface on regular spaced lines of. He was essentially a scholar of classical languages. He was particularly interested in the development of these relationships over time and how their constituent components (animals and the earth) contributed to this evolution. He was also a proponent of naturism. In 1870 he began three years of service as a meteorologist with the Alexander Dalrymple, Scottish geographer, first hydrographer of the British Admiralty and proponent of the existence of a vast, populous continent in the South Pacific, which he called the Great South Paul Vidal de La Blache, French geographer who had a profound influence on the development of modern geography. Al-Idrisi credited Claudius Ptolemy for the geographical coordinates used in his publication. The final part of the proposed work was to be dedicated to the interrelationships of organic life with geography and history. His treatment was endorsed and adopted by all geographers. Ritter's impact on geography was especially notable because he brought forth a new conception of the subject. Ptolemys map of the world was quite accurate considering the technology of the time and showed countries as far out as China (Sinae) and Sri Lanka (Taprobane). Humboldt greatly influenced other scientists, for example, Charles Darwin. [3] Due to the colossal scale of his project, Ritter was never able to complete it, but the final section of the first part should have concluded by recapping each continent and its "main forms and its effects on nature and history: this was to be achieved in a brief form and used as a contribution to a survey of the "great whole".[4]. Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859), one of the founders of modern geography, he traveled extensively and pioneered empirical research methods that would later develop primarily into biogeography and physical geography but also anticipated population geography and economic geography. A multi-talented personality, Massey specialized in feminist geography, Marxist geography, and cultural geography among several other topics. He is widely respected as one of the founders of modern geography. Developing the concept of isotherms allowed climatic comparisons to be made. ), German geographer and ethnographer and a principal influence in the modern development of both disciplines. The book was a collection of thousands of city coordinates, and borrowed greatly from work by Ptolemy that was published in the 2nd century. At the age of five, he was enrolled in the Schnepfenthal Salzmann School, a school focused on the study of nature (apparently influenced by Jean-Jacques Rousseau's writings on children's education). Vidal de Lablache (1848-1918) is known as the founder of human geography. As von Humboldt got older, he decided to write everything known about the earth. He was one of the academic teachers of the explorer Heinrich Barth, who traveled in Northern and Western Africa on behalf of the British government to negotiate treaties that were to stop the Trans-Saharan slave trade. The map was drawn in 1154 and is the first to show the whole of Eurasia and part of North Africa. He was awarded the Order of Merit. Carl Ritter was born in Quedlinburg, one of the six children of a well-respected doctor, F. W. Ritter. 1 Eratosthenes (First Person to Calculate the Circumference of the Earth and Earth's Axial Tilt) 51 18 Birthdate: 0276 BC Birthplace: Cyrene, Libya, Shahat, Libya Died: 0194 BC Greek polymath Eratosthenes of Cyrene was a mathematician, poet, geographer, music theorist, and astronomer. One of the most prominent originators of humanistic geography, Yi-Fu Tuan received several prestigious awards, such as the Vautrin Lud Prize and the Cullum Geographical Medal. Many of Ritter's writings were printed in the Monatsberichte of the Berlin Geographical Society, and in the Zeitschrift fr allgemeine Erdkunde. What are the different methods of geographic data collection? Paul Vidal de la Blache was born on January 22nd, 1845 in France and is widely acknowledged for his studies in geography. ThoughtCo. Eratosthenes was a 2nd century BC Greek scholar who is credited as the founder of the discipline of geography. AP human geography Term 1 / 25 cartography Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 25 -seen as a main characteristic of Geography -Deals w/ the art & science of map-making -Mastered by the ancients to aid in geographical study Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by prieto15 contributions to geography notes Written in Greek during Strabo's time, Geographica holds great historical significance as it houses a descriptive history of places and people from different regions. 28,000. Matt Rosenberg Updated on June 04, 2017 Charles Darwin described him as "the greatest scientific traveler who ever lived." He is widely respected as one of the founders of modern geography. He was also Muammad al-Idrs, Arab geographer and adviser to Roger II, the Norman king of Sicily. Hecataeus of Miletus was a Greek geographer and historian best remembered for his composition of historical and geographical works. The bodies of the three realms of nature[3], Part one was to undertake the continents of the globe beginning with the "Old World" and work to the "New World". Spanish Islamic scholar Leo Africanus is best remembered for his Description of Africa, which served as a relevant treatise on the geography of Africa. Hipparchus. The earth is a cosmic individual with a particular organization, an ens sui generis with a progressive development: the exploration of this individuality of the earth is the task of geography. He died in Berlin in 1859. Ptolemy, an Egyptian astronomer, mathematician, and geographer of Greek descent who flourished in Alexandria during the 2nd century ce. There are three major fields of study, which are further subdivided:[5]. From an early age dAnville continued the reform of French cartography begun by Albrecht Penck, geographer, who exercised a major influence on the development of modern German geography, and geologist, who founded Pleistocene stratigraphy (the study of Ice Age Earth strata, deposited Wei Yuan, historian and geographer of the Qing dynasty (16441911/12). She studied history but became interested in geography when she visited England. Douglas Mawson was an Australian Antarctic explorer, geologist, and academic. British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace is largely remembered for his theory of evolution through natural selection, which inspired Charles Darwins studies. While he initially studied photography and engineering, he later embarked on the worlds first transpolar airplane flight across the Arctic and the first over parts of Antarctica. He is also known for his long association with NIMR, London, and Harvard University and has over 50 patents under his name. He later shared his experience in a book titled From Pole to Pole. Other volumes focused on such topics as human's effort to describe the earth, astronomy, and earth and human interaction. Widely regarded as the world's leading spatial theorist, Soja was honored with the prestigious Vautrin Lud Prize in 2015. His duties as tutor began in 1798 and continued for fifteen years. Vidal was one of the founders of modern French geography. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, five most destructive earthquakes in the philippines, Sebutkan UU yang mengatur tentang pokok pokok Hankam NRI, What happened when the USFA disbanded after WWI? Pytheas was a Greek geographer, astronomer, and explorer. Ritter was a famous German geographer, who, along with Alexander von Humboldt, founded the modern geographical science. Flemish cartographer of the 16th century, Abraham Ortelius is remembered as the person who created Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, the worlds first modern atlas. She promoted the idea that human culture and history was mainly determined by the physical environment, which sparked much controversy. He is considered one of the founding fathers of geostrategy as well as geopolitics. (British Surveyor and Geographer Who Served as Surveyor General of India From 1830 to 1843), (Geographer, Cosmographer and Cartographer Known for Creating the 1569 World Map Based on a New Projection), (Biologist, Chemist, University teacher, Mythographer), (American Geographer, Geologist. From 1825 until his death, he occupied the first chair in geography at the University of Berlin . ThoughtCo, Apr. Nicknamed Pentathlos, he also invented many scientific terms. Indeed, much of Ritter's writing was based on Pestalozzi's three stages in teaching: the acquisition of the material, the general comparison of material, and the establishment of a general system. Wladimir Kppen made important contributions to many branches of science. Charles Darwin described him as "the greatest scientific traveler who ever lived." Ritter elucidates the development of a geographical individual and strives to establish a natural geographical system. Roman author and geographer Pomponius Mela is best known for penning De situ orbis, later known as De chorographia, which is the earliest known geography treatise in Latin. What are the two basic approaches in geography? He is a Chinese-American geographer. Charles Lyell was a Scottish geologist best remembered for his work Principles of Geology, which explains the origin of the earth. Advertisement Advertisement From his literary production al-Hamdn Bernhardus Varenius, a major figure in the revival of geographic learning in Europe, whose scholarly general geography remained the accepted standard authority for more than a century. "Biography of Alexander von Humboldt." Tuan is famous for pioneering thoughts in human geography, and is credited with creating the branch of humanistic geography. Best known for his legendary voyage to northwestern Europe, Pytheas was the first scientific visitor to witness and describe polar ice, the Arctic, and the Germanic and Celtic tribes. The whole of the first volume did not appear until 1832, and the following volumes were issued from the press in rapid succession. One of the Ptolemys most famous books was the Almagest, which focused on astronomy. The geographer also traveled to Cordoba where he received his education. He is currently a distinguished professor of anthropology and geography at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY). He is credited with guiding and mentoring Charles Darwin during his early years. This science of humanistic geography resulted from Tuan merging human geography with other sciences like philosophy, psychology, art, and also religion. Discover some of the most fascinating facts about world famous geographers by reading their detailed biographies that include trivia, interesting facts, timeline and life history. Some of his works have been translated into English by W. L. Gage: Comparative Geography (1865), and The Comparative Geography of Palestine and the Sinaitic Peninsula (1866), Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_Ritter&oldid=1148670591, James, Preston E. and Martin, Geoffrey J. He taught history at the University of Berlin and was one of the mentors of the explorer Heinrich Barth, who traveled in Northern and Western Africa. Born in Ceuta, he spent much of his early life traveling around regions of North Africa, Western Europe, and Asia Minor. Von Humboldt sailed to Paris in 1804 and wrote thirty volumes about his field studies. The first volume, a general overview of the universe, sold out in two months and was promptly translated into many languages. Unlike Eratosthenes, Strabo was well-traveled and had visited Kush and Egypt, and had journeyed as far as Ethiopia and Asia Minor. GIS professionals typically employ it to examine selected geographic datasets in detail, which are combined for the comprehensive study and analysis of spatial problems. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Edward Soja also served as the academic advisor to numerous leading scholars, such as Professor Mustafa Dikec, Dr. Walter J. Nicholls, and Dr. Mark Purcell. Humboldt came up with maps that showed isotherms and thus became a pioneer in the visual presentation of scientific data. Part two was to deal with the fluid forms; by this was meant water, air, and fire. During this time, Ritter wrote and published "Vorhalle der europischen Vlkergeschichte vor Herodotus um den Kaukasus und um die Gestade des Pontus, eine Abhandlung zur Altertumskunde", which marked Ritter's interest in India. Alexander Polyhistor, philosopher, geographer, and historian whose fragmentary writings provide valuable information on antiquarian and Jewish subjects. In several fields his writings represent the culminating achievement Strabo, Greek geographer and historian whose Geography is the only extant work covering the whole range of peoples and countries known to both Greeks and Romans during the reign of Augustus (27 bce14 American explorer, geologist, and ethnologist. He was an explorer, geographer, polymath, and a naturalist, who is known to be an influential advocate of romantic philosophy and science. The works of this geographer became the foundations of the study of geography. Ellen Churchill Semple was born on January 8th, 1863 in Kentucky. Imprisoned by the Romans in the war of the Roman Ellen Churchill Semple, American geographer known for promoting the view that the physical environment determines human history and culture, an idea that provoked much controversy until superseded by later Al-Hamdn, Arab geographer, poet, grammarian, historian, and astronomer whose chief fame derives from his authoritative writings on South Arabian history and geography. George Everest was a British geographer and surveyor. It was arranged that Ritter should become tutor to Hollweg's children, but that in the meantime he should attend the University of Halle at his patron's expense. 9, 1904, Ammerland, Ger. Al-Idrisi would later move to Palermo, Sicily under King Roger II. Inherent to Ritter's understanding of the area, is the role of God in its creation. ..drew a map of the known world. Henry Guyot made numerous meteorological observations that led to the formation of weather forecasting in the US. Geography enables people to understand where they are in relation to other places or objects. Rosenberg, Matt. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/alexander-von-humboldt-1435029. Darwin went on to describe Humboldt as a great traveler. Empowered by his strength in subjects like history, theology and natural sciences, and inspired by Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi and Johann Gottfried von Herder, he became a Geography Professor at the University of Berlin in 1820. Farmers demanded that Congress not protect the price of whe Grain price He also helped establish David Thompson, English explorer, geographer, and fur trader in the western parts of what are now Canada and the United States. One particularly impressive feat by Eratosthenes was that he was able to determine the circumference of the earth with remarkable accuracy without even traveling from Egypt. The geographer used his knowledge of the earth, which he obtained from the mapping studies done by professionals before him, to come up with a map of the world in his publication Geographika. The book introduced the term geography to the world. Rennell, who served as a Surveyor General of Bengal, India, is credited with producing some of the earliest accurate maps of Bengal. Posidonius was a Greek astronomer, astrologer, politician, historian, mathematician, geographer, and teacher. Along with Alexander von Humboldt, he is considered one of the founders of modern geography. Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi was a Persian scholar who lived between the years 780 and 850 CE. However, despite his attempts, he could never reach his ultimate goal, the holy city of Lhasa in Tibet. He is also remembered for his association with the Geological Society of America, where he served as the president. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com, The Founding Fathers of Ancient Geography. Alexander von Humboldt was offered a position in the Mexican cabinet but he refused. Peter Aufschnaiter played a prominent role in Tibet, where he helped plan a sewage system and a hydroelectric power plant in Lhasa. His geographical Ellsworth Huntington, U.S. geographer who explored the influence of climate on civilization. A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist or humanist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society, including how society and nature interacts. He is best remembered for his studies of Native American cultures. Henry Schoolcraft was an American geologist, geographer, and ethnologist. He had penned many works, such as the encyclopaedic volume The Chronology of Ancient Nations. Sir Halford John Mackinder was a British geographer who wrote a paper in 1904 called "The Geographical Pivot of History." Mackinder's paper suggested that the control of Eastern Europe was vital to control of the world. Carl Ritter was a German geographer considered one of the founders of modern geography. A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist and humanist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earths natural environment and human society, including how society and nature interacts. He was arrested and imprisoned for his activism in 1874. He is widely recognized for his works on botanical geography which laid the foundation for biogeography. [5], Constructing a geographical theory around the area allowed Ritter to make the comparative work would seek to do in the conclusion to his great work. What Is The Difference Between Catholic And Christian. Which school of geography did Humboldt? William Morris Davis an American geographer, geologist and meteorologist, often called the "father of American geography". Eratosthenes was a 2nd century BC Greek scholar who is credited as the founder of the discipline of geography. (2023, April 5). He is credited to have made a substantial contribution to European knowledge of Central Asian geography. Alexander von Humboldt, German naturalist and explorer who was a major figure in the classical period of physical geography and biogeographyareas of science now included in the Earth sciences and ecology. Al-Brn, Muslim astronomer, mathematician, ethnographist, anthropologist, historian, and geographer. Educated in Morocco, he had traveled through places such as Aswan and Timbuktu. Sir Halford John Mackinder was born on February 15th, 1861 in Gainsborough, England and was a geographer and politician who was knighted in 1920 for his work. Geographers are scientists who study geography. He was not only known for his scholarly work in mathematics and astronomy, but also in geography as well. Answer: Carl Ritter (August 7, 1779 - September 28, 1859) was a German geographer. Ellen Churchill Semple was an American geographer best remembered for her association with the Association of American Geographers, where she served as the first female president. [5], The wealth of knowledge aspired was to serve as a foundation on which comparisons could then be made between the localities or areas researched. Carl Ritter (August 7, 1779 September 28, 1859) was a German geographer. He also lectured at a nearby military college.
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