The seed is smooth, ellipsoid, and yellow-brown to red in colour. 167184, Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy and Public Health Perspectives, Imperial College Press, London, UK, 2007. The root part of the plant is also used as a treatment for skin burns, leprosy, headaches, hemorrhoids, guinea worm attack, sleeping thickness, puffiness, and some sexually transmitted diseases [22]. However, the result warrants further investigation because of the selectivity shown by the plant extract against HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains tested [45]. 55, no. Zemede and Mesfin [6] by referring different authors to various sources reported that about 5% of the total plant species of the world which serve for human beings are domesticated, used as food, and another supplement. 113, 2020. [22] Documented bees include Agapostemon splendens (the brown-winged striped-sweat bee), Apis mellifera (the western honey bee), Augochloropsis sumptuosa, Coelioxys germana, Dialictus placidensis, Megachile mendica (the Flat-tailed Leaf-cutter Bee[25]) and Melissodes communis (the common long-horned bee). 53, pp. A strawberry is not an actual berry, but a banana is. Congrats! [2] It prefers poor and dry soil, including clay, clay loam, loamy sand, sandy clay loam, and sand [17]. It is drought-resistant with an altitude requirement of 9002,000 masl, mean annual temperature of 1430C, and mean annual rainfall of 3001 250mm. Accessed 4 Jun. 1, pp. A. Lucilania, F. D. S. L. Wallace, and L. D. M. PatrciaJ. (2008) Phenolic content and profiles of selected wild fruits of Zimbabwe: Baloyi, Joseph K., and Yvonne Reynolds. But in Ethiopia, there is no company involved in the processing and producing Ximenia americana products. It is one of the most utilized fruits by livestock herders, children, women, and the poorest families. 1, pp. De Menezes, R. H. S. Da Costa, A. Augusti Boligon et al., Ximenia americana L. enhances the antibiotic activity and inhibit the development of kinetoplastid parasites, Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, vol. 152161, 2007. It is valuable in producing soup, oils, cosmetics, skin cream, medicinal tablets production, and as food [4, 24, 35]. 1, no. microphylla", "Species Megachile mendica - Flat-tailed Leaf-cutter Bee", "The diversity and floral hosts of bees at the Archbold Biological Station, Florida (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)", "Influence of fuel properties on the burning characteristics of sour plum (Ximenia americana L.) seed oil compared with Jatropha curcas L. seed oil", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ximenia_americana&oldid=1154594876, This page was last edited on 13 May 2023, at 13:39. Can you pronounce this word better or pronounce in different accent or variation ? 1, pp. 1-2, pp. [7][14] Leaves collected from X. americana in southern Niger were found to be rich in calcium, iron, magnesium, and manganese content but were also noted to be lacking protein. The seeds are generally roasted and then pounded for their oils to be used for wounds as an ointment. It is part of the Olacaceae family which is native throughout tropical regions. 1, no. The fruits are also known to be used for desserts and jellies. Start your free trial today and get unlimited access to America's largest dictionary, with: Ximenia. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Ximenia. Post the Definition of Ximenia to Facebook, Share the Definition of Ximenia on Twitter, Palter, Dissemble, and Other Words for Lying, Skunk, Bayou, and Other Words with Native American Origins, Words For Things You Didn't Know Have Names, Vol. 11771184, 2012. They have drupes. This is an open access article distributed under the, http://www.mikepalmer.co.uk/woodyplantecology/ethiopia/shinasha.htm. Decmber 2013. P. M. MaunduG. 99102, 2013. [46] reported that the plant faces threats such as fire, clearing, grazing, timber harvesting, leaf harvesting, fruit harvesting, flower harvesting, root harvesting, bark harvesting, charcoal making, pest infestation, drought, and others. Sometimes, there is semiparasitic nature with haustoria on the roots. Ximenia americana oil is reported to have a higher amount of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (about 99%), which gave it stability to oxidation. Ximenia (Ximenia) is a genus of shrub in the family Olacaceae. All Rights Reserved, {{app['fromLang']['value']}} -> {{app['toLang']['value']}}, Pronunciation of Ximenia fruit with 2 audio pronunciations. Ximenia americana is one of the most valuable wild edible plants in the world. [12] Researchers noted that X. americana extract had no deaths when the toxic effects of the extract of the plant for 14 days, however, after an oral administration of 2000mg.kg1, forced breathing and analgesia in the animals were noted. [7], The species is also used as a border and boundary, if it is cultivated as a hedge plant properly. You must there are over 200,000 words in our free online dictionary, but you are looking for one thats only in the Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary. Contents [ Show] Fruits that Start with the Letter X Take a look at these 5 fruits that begin with X. 116, 2010. Pronunciation of Ximenia fruit with 2 audio pronunciations 0 rating 0 rating Record the pronunciation of this word in your own voice and play it to listen to how you have pronounced it. National Biodiversity Institute, Aug. 2004. Delivered to your inbox! 24, no. W. Ngugi and C. H. S. Kabuye, Traditional Food Plants of Kenya, Kenya Resource Centre for Indigenous Knowledge, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya, 1999. 3034, 2009. D. Gelmesa, Shifting to Alternative Food Source: Potential to Overcome Ethiopians Malnutrition and Poverty Problems. No primary data were used to support this study. [7], Xymelys 45 is a drug containing X. americana bark extract that is marketed as a cosmetic to provide protection for ultrasensitive skin, oxidative stress and free radicals. Being one of the major plants in local medicine for humans and animals, it plays a significant role in reducing household expenditure in medicine costs [60]. [7][15][16], Hydrocyanic acid was identified in the fruit[7] along with high levels of vitamin C content, of which the green ones had 74% more vitamin C than the matured, yellow ones. The sourplum can tolerate altitudes of up to 2000 m, and requires annual rainfall of 2501270mm. The seed is not poisonous. The skin is smooth and starts green, and then ripens to an orange or red. "chabbuli" and "ysada" in west Africa, "ghne", "n'ghani" and "laman" in Ivory Coast and "kleinsuurpruim", "inkoy", "mutente", "kol", "mulebe", "mungomba", "musongwasongwa", "mulutulwa", "museka", "ntog", "nogb", "sno", "sn", "madarud", and "madarau", in other regions in Africa. long, canaliculate. 1280x960 - Learn how to say/pronounce ximenia in american english. It was indicated that the average production of a single Ximenia americana plant is near to 50.33kg wet fruits, which can create an income amount of 2516.50 Ethiopian Birr which can be sufficient enough to buy main staple foods for a given household [58, 59]. In Ethiopia, it was one of the most known and very important plants for a long period of time. This assessment was carried out by the IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group and the Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) in 2018. Forest Ecology and Management, Vol 64, p 245-248. But, nowadays due to its huge depletion and threat of extinction, it is not accessible even for local medicine purposes [37]. [3], It will generally flower in September to October during the dry season to the onset of the rains. 115, no. 1-2, pp. 86, no. They have suggested the rehabilitation of the plants, mainly by domestication, in hopes of conserving the species in those specific areas. 207217, 1988. [11][9][7][10][5] They release a strong smell like almonds when crushed. Word of the day - in your inbox every day, 2023 HowToPronounce. [5] The trees bark is used as a remedy for syphilis, hookworm, chest pains, and body pain. Ximenia americana bark contains approximately 17% oils; heartwood and flowers contain essential oils [26]. [3] The plant is moderately frost tolerant and drought resistant. Ximenia americana is one of the most valuable wild edible plants in the world. [5][6] It is especially common in Africa and South America. 20, pp. scb_mt_enth_2020 2023. 5, pp. 570x365 - Learn how to pronounce ximena with the american pronunciation guide (apg)! 3642, 2018. . The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Ximeniopsis Alain[1], Ximenia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Olacaceae. X. americana tea has been marketed in Brazil to externally heal wounds and ulcers and internally heal heart and kidney problems; the X. americana tea is just the bark vegetal powder. I. R. A. But there are few ethnobotanical studies and are limited on knowing its existence and thereby with few explanations about its importance [37]. D. H. Feyssa, J. T. Njoka, Z. Asfaw, and M. M. Nyangito, Uses and management of Ximenia americana, olacaceae in semi-arid east Shewa, Ethiopia, Pakistan Journal of Botany, vol. Ximenia caffra is a deciduous tree up to 6m tall with an untidy open crown. Keep up. [3], The wood of the tree is hard and fine-grained. 1280x720 - Look through examples of ximenia translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. Hence, consumption of this fruit in wild in the country could supplement and enhance the food consumption habit of the country. ZEMEDE ASFAW . G. Hariramamurthi, P. Venkatasubramaniam, P. M. Unnikrishnan, and D. Shankar, Home herbal gardens-A novel health security strategy based on Peoples knowledge and resources, in Gerard Bodeker and Gemma, Burford, Ed., pp. It could be associated with the climate change and other factors associated [15]. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. 93, no. 700x524 - Aqu nos cuenta cmo fue grabar esas voces que escuchamos en varias. (Most of the time.). Whereas, the regenerative capacity of the plant is promising. Its leaves are alternate, lanceolate to elliptic, 38 to 1.54cm, variable thickness (semisucculent to thin), obtuse or emarginate, 37 pairs of veins, inconspicuous. T. Aregawi, S. Melaku, and L. Nigatu, Management and utilization of browse species as livestock feed in semi-arid district of north Ethiopia, Livestock Research for Rural Development, vol. It also has nonessential proteins, and the stem, bark, and leaves of the tree also contain lots of natural steroids that may be used in the future for treating diseases such as cardiovascular disease and strokes [3436]. Ximenia is named in honour of the Spanish priest and missionary, Francisco Ximenez (d. 1725), who wrote about the Mexican plants in the 17th century. [7] The flowers are fragrant, small, coloured white, yellow-green or pink and are about 5 to 10mm (0.2 to 0.4 in) long. 224229, 2008. [28] It is also mildly tolerant of salty soil types and salt sprays and winds. 2, p 319-331. The plant is economically important in other parts of the world. Its main utilization is as a food and some amount sold in the roads and local markets [17]. 18, pp. Browse nearby or related words . [4] All parts of the tree and its fruits are used in cultural remedies. The species flowers and their fruit ripen throughout the year; flowering and fruiting periods do not seem to be governed by climatic regimes. The sour plum can tolerate altitudes of up to 2000m and . 69786981, 1989. The fruits are globose to ellipsoidal drupes about 3cm long, 2.5cm thick, glabrous, greenish when young, become yellowish (or rarely orange-red) when ripe, contain a juicy pulp, and 1 seed. [3], To extract the oil, the seeds are roasted, then mashed, and the oil extracted. [7] It is not domesticated so it is only found occurring in the wild. Hear useful Mexican words & names pronounced: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m47792oAnLs&list=PLd_ydU7Boqa3yb-qCcrB_8LCQvlGUkjeOListen how to say Ximena cor. [7][17] The seed of the fruit contains cyanide derivatives[14] and high levels of riproximin were noted in the fruit kernels. However, the majority of these studies have dealt with medicinal species, and little emphasis has been paid to wild edible fruit plants. Owen-Smith, N., Cooper, S.M. The generic name honors Francisco Ximnez, a Spanish priest.[2]. H. G. Ong and Y.-D. Kim, The role of wild edible plants in household food security among transitioning hunter-gatherers: evidence from the Philippines, Food Security, vol. 112, pp. [7] Another study was conducted on the effects of the liquid extracts of the root, stem and leaves of X. americana on the blood and the liver, and damage to the cells of the liver were noted.[7]. They are canaliculated, smooth and have a grey-green or bright green colour and flesh that is either leathery or thin. Ximenia americana is one of the most valuable wild edible plants in the world. 9, no. W. Y. Seble, Z. Asfaw, and E. Kelbessa, Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by local communities of minjar-shenkora district, north shewa zone of amhara region, Ethiopia, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, vol. 59, no. 11771184, 2012. [13] The plant grows about 0.5m (1.6ft) every year, a moderate growth rate. 6978, 2009. 858862, 2012. The bark of the tree is grayish-brown to black in colour, and is longitudinally fissured. [18] The seed oil was observed to contain the compounds ximenic, linolenic, linoleic, and stearic acids along with smaller amounts of lumequic, ximenynic acid, arachidonic, erucic, and nervonic acids and a variety of other compounds. [13] Germination is usually observed 14 to 30 days after the seed has been planted. The kernel of the fruit can be made into oil, which is used in cooking as a substitute for butter or ghee. M. B. 36, no. Rottboelia Scop. [12] The bark, usually used in powdered or decocted form, is used to treat skin ulcers, placed on the head for headaches, and placed in bath water for sick babies. T. B. Gebre Egziabher, Diversity of the Ethiopian flora, in Plant Genetic Resources of Ethiopia, J. M. M. Engles, J. G. Hawkes, and M. Worede, Eds., pp. . [12] The nuts have a strong purgative effect, and should not be eaten in large amounts. Ximenia (Ximenia) is a genus of shrub in the family Olacaceae. M. Sacande and H. Vautier, Ximenia Americana. The leaves are simple, alternate, and elliptic in shape. [19][20] The latter, Heymassoli spinosa, became the basionym for Ximenia spinosa which was published in A Botanical nomenclator: containing a systematical arrangement of the classes, orders, genera, and species of plants as described in the new edition of Linnsus's Systema natur, by Dr. Gmelin by William Jr. Forsyth in 1794. [7][12], Essential oils can also be obtained from the heartwood and flowers from X. americana, which are then used for fumigations and as a substitute for orange blossom respectively. "ameixa-da-terra", "ameixa", "ameixeira-do-Brasil", ameixa-brava", "ameixa-da-Baa", "ameixa-de-espinho", "ameixa-do-Par", "ameixeira-do-Par", and "muirapuama" in Brazil, "hicaco", "espino de brujo", "ciruelillo", "caimito de monte", "cagalero", "albaricoque", "albaria", "tigrito", and "almendro de costa" in Spanish and "citron de mer", "cerise de mer", "croc", "macaby", and "prunier de mer" in French. 1571-1572, 2005. X.-L. Hou, K. Takahashi, K. Tanaka et al., Curcuma drugs and curcumin regulate the expression and function of P-gp in Caco-2 cells in completely opposite ways, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, vol. In different countries, it is utilized as food, medicine, an essential oil source, and the industrial component to other products. Birds love this fruit. You can contribute this audio pronunciation of Ximenia fruit to HowToPronounce dictionary. Moisturizing, softening, and revitalizing of skin is the main importance of unsaturated fatty acids extracted from the fruit of the plant [28]. 2020, 17 pages, 2020. Learn for free. 18, 2020. The oil serves several purposes, and can be used to soften leather, oiling bowstrings, or as a general ointment. The roots are used to treat abscesses, stomach aches, colic, malaria, coughs, and bilharzias. [12], Ximenia americana is similar to the plant Ximenia caffra, another species in the Ximenia family. The bark is dark grey and rough, but pale green or brown on younger branches. The red sour plum (. L. Ounyambila, M. L. Anne, L. Benjamin, and O. Amad, Influence of climate on fruit production of the yellow plum, Ximenia americana, in Burkina Faso, West Africa, Journal of Horticulture and Forestry, vol. This review article is aimed at addressing the abovelined topics in detail and to pinpoint and explain the importance and status of Ximenia americana. Experiments performed on the oil indicated that it is very useful to treat dry skin which is prone to early senescence and enhances the activities of the sebaceous tissues. Subscribe to learn and pronounce a new word each day! [12] The roots of X. americana are used as a treatment multitude of diseases such as skin problems, headaches, leprosy, hemorrhoids, sexually transmitted diseases, sleeping sicknesses and guinea worms. In Ethiopia, it was one of the most known and very important plants for a long period of time. Shred of evidences also suggest that the plant is used as one of the many wild edible plants utilized as an emergency, supplementary, or seasonal food sources to avert food insecurity in rural households of Ethiopia [52]. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ximenia&oldid=1060817326, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 17 December 2021, at 21:13. How To Pronounce Ximenia Fruit Howtopronounce Com Pronunciation of ximenia with 2 audio pronunciations, 1 meaning and more for ximenia. Seed Leaf Let No. 192, pp. 124, 2019. Expand your vocabulary, learn English words. D. Neilsen, Fundamentals of temperate zone tree fruit production, Tree Physiology, vol. 122126, 2003. 1, pp. V. F. Benoit, H. M. Santillana, B. D. Kone, M. Mallie, and F. Derouin, Anti-toxoplasma activity of vegetable extract used in West Africa traditional medicine, Parasite, vol. 1, pp. [15], unless the situation is reversed by a collective effort, there is a fear of extinction of this wild edible fruit in the near future particularly from the rate of deforestation, selective removal, and indiscriminate degradation of local habitat and expansion of grazing and farmlands. 4, pp. 168x94 - Listen to the audio pronunciation in english. Ximenia caffra, the sourplum, [2] is a small tree or small shrub that is thinly branched. The results of proximate analysis of the fruit on dry weight basis shows that it contains, Crude protein (7.26%), Crude lipid (13.0%), ash (10.5%), and moisture (64%Wet Weight), The pulp contains appreciable concentration of ascorbic acid (21.12 mg/100g). americana. 1200x630 - Ximena is an old spanish and portuguese female equivalent of the hebrew biblical name simon (which means 'hearkener, listener'). Check out the pronunciation, synonyms and grammar. 3034, 2017. [5], Ximenia americana is a semiscandent plant that grows as a bush-forming shrub or small tree to between a height of 27 metres (6.623.0ft),[9][8] although plants being less than 4m (13 feet) are more commonly observed. [7] The trunk has a diameter of less than 10cm (4in); the bark has a colour of dark brown to pale gray. Culturally, the plant is utilized as a medicine for various animal and plant diseases. A. Assefa and T. Abebe, Wild edible trees and shrubs in the semi-arid lowlands of southern Ethiopia, Journal of Science & Development, vol. There will be 1 seed in every fruit.The pulp is sour and tart. Log in or Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! However, the plant faced threats of extinction due to forest clearing, grazing, timber harvesting, charcoal making, drought, and bark and root harvesting. The process of utilization is by soaking the bark in the water and the water is taken orally [43]. [33] concluded that phytochemical screening of three different plant parts using ethanol and water as solvent showed that tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, and volatile oils were present, and ethanol extracts of the plant parts were found to have antimicrobial activity on S. aureus. 2, pp. [1], However, researchers in Ethiopia have noticed the plant becoming rare in their respective study areas, mainly due to the overuse of the plant and its components. Ximenia fruit reportedly contains an ample amount of vitamin E, minerals fiber, carbs, starches, and higher content protein as well. [9][7] When ripe, the fruit has a green, juicy pulp, and one large endospermic seed, that has a small embryo and thin testa. [8] In Asia, the young leaves are cooked as a vegetable. 20, no. 44, no. A. Adam, C18 acetylene fatty acids of Ximenia americana with potential pesticidal activity, Journal Agriculture Food Chemistry, vol. Some of the compounds in this plant help with insulin-resistant diabetes, and for treating Alzheimers disease, improving memory, and lowering cholesterol. The oils extracted from fruit kernel are also utilized as oil flesh wounds to prevent infections [44]. GAK is the first author of the review article, whereas the co-authors have contributed equally for the literature collection, manuscript documentation, and its revision. (1994) Nutritional value of edible fruits of indigenous wild trees in Malawi. 112, 2020, http://www.mikepalmer.co.uk/woodyplantecology/ethiopia/shinasha.htm. Anonymous, (world agroforestry centre). When 'thingamajig' and 'thingamabob' just won't do, A simple way to keep them apart. Ximenia caffra Sond. E. Lulekal, Z. Asfaw, E. Kelbessa, and P. Van Damme, Wild edible plants in Ethiopia: a review on their potential to combat food insecurity, Afrika Focus, vol. long, 2.0-4.5 cm. M. O. Fatope and O. How to Pronounce Ximenia. In different countries, it is utilized as food, medicine, an essential oil source, and the industrial component to other products. 93105, 2015. The fruit is not very huge, only about 1 1/4 inches (3 cm) long. Mostly, its trunk diameter is not greater than 10cm; the color of the bark is dark brown to pale grey and smooth to scaly. X. americana also bears several flowers on inflorescences that are branched whereas the flowers in X. caffra are borne in tufts or singularly, marking another difference between both of these species. Individuals can grow to 6 m. EOL has data for 9 attributes, including: Known occurrences, collected specimens and observations of ximenia. from region to region with the fruit being produced generally in October and January. grows in the southern African region [14, 15]. In the wild, it is found in woodlands, grasslands, rocky outcrops and sometimes termite mounds. Of these, 203 wild and semiwild plant species are documented [13]. 112, April 2006, Millennium Seed Bank Project, 2006. The plant is available in all months of the year as it is not a deciduous plant. The remaining plant species are wild, and most of them are utilized as wild. The authors acknowledge Horticulture Department of Debre Berhan University. An Ethiopian variety goes yellow. [4], The chemical profile of X. caffra leaf was comprehensively analyzed and led to the identification of 10 polyphenol compounds, including phenolic acid and flavonoids. Researchers around the world reported that the orange shaped fruit that tastes a little bit like almonds is pack full of vitamin C (vitamin C is a great antioxidant that helps to prevent cardiovascular disease, strokes, and cancer). Ximenia americana, which belongs to family Olacaceae with common names English (hog plum, wild plum, and false sandalwood), Amharic (inkoy and kol), Tigrigna (mlehtta and mullo), is a semiscandent bush-forming shrub or small tree 27m high [13]. In Tsemay and Benna ethnic groups of the country, the plant is reported to have a supplementary role as a household food security [51]. [6] The oil can also be used as fuel for lamps. J. K. Maheshwari, Ethnobotanical research and documentation, Acta Universitatis. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Hence, the most important conservation options which can reverse the problem are sustaining multipurpose uses, rehabilitating, improving the ecosystem and enhancing its services, enhance resilience to climate change, promoting indigenous knowledge, and diversify food sources and biocultural heritage. 1, pp. Petioles are short, slender up to 6mm long, and canaliculated, and it has grey-green, hairless, and leathery or thin flesh. L. Niemi, A. Wennstrm, and L. Ericson, Insect feeding preferences and plant phenolic glucosides in the system Gonioctena linnaeanasalix triandra, Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, vol. T. Teklehaymanot, Ethnobotanical study of knowledge and medicinal plants use by the people in dek island in Ethiopia, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. Learn how to say/pronounce ximenia in American English. 3, pp. Chivandi, E., Davidson, B.C., Erlwanger, K.H. The flower colors are mainly white, yellow-green, or pink which are developed in branched inflorescences. M. Sardeshpande and C. Shackleton, Wild edible fruits: a systematic review of an under-researched multifunctional NTFP (non-timber forest product), Forests, vol. 102x300 - Pronunciation guide for the name of people and places. The branches are either smooth or covered with flattened hairs and armed with spines at their bases. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. The sourplum can be located from Tanzania to KwaZulu-Natal. Ximenia americana, commonly known as tallow wood,[3] hog plum, yellow plum, sea lemon, or pi'ut (Chamorro),[4] is bush-forming shrub/small tree; a species from the Ximenia genus in the Olacaceae family. It can also attach to objects such as plastic or rocks. However, the leaves also contain cyanide and need to be thoroughly cooked, and should not be eaten in large amounts. 2, pp. audio and video pronunciation of ximena brought to you by. esoteric oils CC, Sallamander concepts (Pty) Ltd 19982010, 2010, http://www.essentialoils.co.za.htm. The plant has not been domesticated, so it only occurs in the wild. [13], Common names of the plant include "seaside plum", "small sourplum", "wild plum", "blue sour plum", "hog plum", "sour plum", "false sandalwood", "tallow nut", "tallow wood", "wild olivein", and "wild lime" in English. [7] The volatile oil of the leaves were observed to be consisted of benzaldehyde (63.5%), hydroxybenzyl cyanide (13%) and isophorone (3.5%),[15] the cyanide content contributes to the aforementioned almond-like smell of leaves. [3], The sourplum fruit itself is ellipsoidal in shape. Rate It! 1, pp. ParaCrawl Corpus, THE BODY SHOP Handpicked in Namibia from the 'Tree of Life' the, Handpicked in Namibia from the 'Tree of Life' the, Bisabolol (an oil found in chamomile) calms the skin; plentiful, Organic fermented hyaluronic acid is contained in the fluid alongside, We also received little goody bags, in which I got the African, To get rid of daily stress, I used a bit of African, The Louise Galvin Treatment Masque for Thick or Curly Hair contains. The leaves and twigs of the plant are used for fever, cold, as a solution for toothaches, as a laxative and eye lotion, and poison cure [1921]. Can you pronounce this word better or pronounce in different accent or variation ? Through those processes, human ancestors developed their association with the fruit growing, and they thrive with some of them as food, medicinal, and animal feed roles [4]. 173x300 - Learn how to say/pronounce ximenia in american english. They can also be pounded, turned into porridge and eaten to reportedly prevent sterility in women. 6, pp. [23][24] The vibrant colours of the fruit, which is oftentimes produced in large amounts during the early summer, attracts birds, such as bulbuls, starlings, and barbets, and other wildlife to feed on the fruit. [9][5], There have been no recorded cases of the domestication of X. 1, 2010. Ximenia caffra, the sourplum,[2] is a small tree or small shrub that is thinly branched. [4] The tree itself is fairly hardy, with frost resistance and drought tolerance. 139, no. 236x934 - Spanish spanish (maxico) english english (uk) english (canada) english (australia) catalan danish dutch finnish. The generic name honors Francisco Ximnez, a Spanish priest. The fruits are eaten in large quantities and act as a vermifuge [23, 24]. Subscribe for more videos! [7][10] The seeds are then dispersed by animals that eat the fruit. [2] It is mainly found in the tropics, ranging from Africa, India and southeast Asia, to Australia, New Zealand, Pacific Islands, West Indies, Central, North and South America. 1, pp. [7][14] Further classes of chemical compounds found in X. americana includes alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, phlobatannins, quinones, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. The leaves are used for headaches. Data related to Ximenia at Wikispecies. Wachiira, Womens use of off-farm and boundary lands: agroforestry potentials, p 56-60, Final Report, ICRAF, Nairobi, Kenya. 2, pp. 4, pp. . [5] Most of these claims do not appear to have been scientifically validated, and further research is required. Zhen, Jing, Yue Guo, Tom Villani, Steve Carr, Thomas Brendler, Davis R. Mumbengegwi, Ah-Ng Tony Kong, James E. Simon, and Qingli Wu. Fewer than 20 plant species produce 90% of the food consumed by the global population [5]. This indicated the availability of the plant while there is a drought for other plants [46]. An Ethiopian variety goes yellow. However, traditional healers reported excess salivation as a sign of the toxicity when used to treat oral diseases. Rottboelia Scop. Upsalienses Symbole Botanicae Upsalienses, vol. 5769, 1998. It is indicated that the plant is one of the main wild edible plants which is eaten during famine periods in most parts of the country. T. Bahru, A. Zemede, and D. Sebsbe, Wild edible plants: sustainable use and management by indigenous communities in and the buffer area of Awash national park, Ethiopia, Ethiopian Journal of Science, vol. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. It will ripen to orange, or red with white spots, or yellow, depending on the diversity. New Latin, irregular from Francisco Ximnez 1721? M. E. F. A. Omer and E. I. Elnima, Antimicrobial activity of Ximenia americana, Fitoterapia, vol. WikiMatrix No major threats have been identified to the species currently and in the future. 12, pp. 11, pp. T. Wondimu, Z. Asfaw, and E. Kelbessa, Ethnobotanical study of food plants around dheeraa town , arsi , Ethiopia, African Journals, vol. [2] Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Definition: a fruit which develops from a carpel and at maturity comprises a fleshy exocarp, a fleshy mesocarp, and a stony endocarp; show all records. 1, pp. [13][28], Leaves at 100 ppm were noted to be fatal for the freshwater snail, Bulinus globus, the species responsible for causing the disease schistosomiasis. Therefore, the importance of this review is to pinpoint and to explain importance and status of Ximenia americana in Ethiopia. It is diversified in different locations such as countrysides, savannah, forest lands, dry woodlands, and riverbanks. Listen to the audio pronunciation in several English accents. 4, pp. [5] The fruits are known to be sold in small markets.[10]. The tree can be used as a natural fence to designate tracts of land or set a perimeter. Ximenia americana plants have economic, medicinal, and forage values; in addition, they preserve cultural heritages and maintain ecological balance by providing various ecosystem services. The fruits are eaten by birds and various other animals. Trees to 7 m. tall, the spines axillary branches, often leafy, usually stout. Ximenia americana is one of the known fruits which is consumed in different parts of the country. Fruits are shaped globose, subglobose, drupaceous or ellipisoid, grow up to 3cm long, have a diameter of 2.5cm and are smooth. It is found in mainly found in the tropics, ranging from Africa, India and southeast Asia, to New Zealand, Pacific Islands, West Indies, Central, North and South America in woodlands and grasslands. [7] The term Ximenia comes from the Spanish priest, Francisco Ximenez, who detailed a collection of plants found in Mexico in the 17th century. They are native to U.S. Virgin Islands, Pacific Basin excluding Hawaii, The Contiguous United States, and Puerto Rico. 1, pp. The history of agriculture showed that the transition from food collection to food production requires the domestication of plants and rearing of animals. However, it can also be used to make handles for tools, utensils, or for construction purposes. F. M. T. Fantahun and H. Hager, Exploiting locally available resources for food and nutritional security enhancement: wild fruits diversity, potential and state of exploitation in the Amhara region of Ethiopia, Food Security, vol. The seed is hard and around 2.5cm in length. J. W. Mwangi, P. Malii, L. Gathu, T. Tanaka, and G. Nonaka, Polyphenols of Ximenia americana, Fitoterapia, vol. Tools Ximenia americana, commonly known as tallow wood, [3] hog plum, yellow plum, sea lemon, or pi'ut ( Chamorro ), [4] is bush-forming shrub/small tree; a species from the Ximenia genus in the Olacaceae family. 3, pp. americana's extracts from bark, roots and leaves have been reported to be used to treat urinary tract infections, inflammation, burning, gastritis and cancer. The seed has a 65% oil content. [9][7][10][12] The fruit is "refreshing" when eaten and is said to have "an almond-acid taste". [7] The leaves and twigs are used as a treatment for colds and fevers, as laxatives and an eye lotion, and as a mouthwash to prevent toothaches and throat infections.
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